Lund Dale, Caserta Michael, Utz Rebecca, Devries Brian
Illn Crises Loss. 2010;18(4):301-321. doi: 10.2190/il.18.4.b.
The "Living After Loss" study was designed to test the effectiveness of the dual process model (DPM) of coping with bereavement. In order to obtain a larger and more diverse sample we studied 328 recently widowed men and women (61%) age 50+ in two counties, Salt Lake (n=197) and San Francisco (n=131) in two states, Utah and California. This paper does not report on the effects of the intervention but focuses on a comparison of the bereaved spouses/partners in these two cites. First, the only socio-demographic differences we found between those in SF and SL were that those in San Francisco were more racially, ethnically and religiously diverse, higher in education, had slightly fewer years in their relationship to the deceased and were two weeks longer in their grief process. Second, there were far more similarities than differences between SF and SL regarding nearly all of the study variables. Third, we found that those in SF had more positive qualitative features in their friendship support networks and that for bereaved in both counties, we found strong associations with having highly supportive friend-based networks and more positive bereavement adjustments (especially experiencing lower levels of loneliness and depression). Limitations and suggestions for future research are described.
“丧偶后生活”研究旨在测试应对丧亲之痛的双重过程模型（DPM）的有效性。为了获得更大且更多样化的样本，我们对犹他州和加利福尼亚州两个县（盐湖县，n = 197；旧金山，n = 131）的328名50岁及以上的近期丧偶男女（61%）进行了研究。本文不报告干预效果，而是着重比较这两个城市中丧偶配偶/伴侣的情况。首先，我们发现旧金山和盐湖城的人群之间唯一的社会人口统计学差异在于，旧金山的人群在种族、民族和宗教方面更加多样化，受教育程度更高，与逝者的关系存续年限略少，且悲痛过程长两周。其次，在几乎所有研究变量方面，旧金山和盐湖城之间的相似之处远多于差异。第三，我们发现旧金山的人群在其友谊支持网络中具有更多积极的质性特征，并且对于两个县的丧偶者，我们发现拥有高度支持性的基于朋友的网络与更积极的丧亲调适（尤其是较低水平的孤独感和抑郁感）之间存在强烈关联。文中还描述了研究的局限性及对未来研究的建议。
