Aizpurua Alaitz, Garcia-Bajos Elvira, Migueles Malen
Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country, Donostia-San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa, Spain.
Exp Aging Res. 2011 May;37(3):310-29. doi: 10.1080/0361073X.2011.568829.
In two experiments recognition of actions of a robbery presented in a video was examined in older and younger adults. In both experiments older adults had more false alarms and showed less accurate recognition than younger adults. In addition, when participants were asked in Experiment 1 to indicate Remember/Know/Guess judgments for actions they considered true, older adults accepted more false actions with Remember judgments. And when participants were asked in Experiment 2 to attribute the source (i.e., perpetrator), the older adults were less able to attribute actions that occurred during the robbery to their correct sources. Furthermore, we found a robust positive correlation between source attribution ability and recognition accuracy. Thus, source-memory deficits may contribute to older adults' false memories in real-life eyewitness situations.
在两项实验中，研究了老年人和年轻人对视频中呈现的抢劫行为的识别情况。在两项实验中，老年人的误报更多，识别准确性也低于年轻人。此外，在实验1中，当要求参与者对他们认为真实的行为做出“记得/知道/猜测”判断时，老年人在“记得”判断中接受了更多错误行为。在实验2中，当要求参与者确定来源（即犯罪者）时，老年人更难以将抢劫过程中发生的行为归因于正确的来源。此外，我们发现来源归因能力与识别准确性之间存在强烈的正相关。因此，来源记忆缺陷可能导致老年人在现实生活中的目击证人情况下出现错误记忆。
