Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2011;40(3):398-410. doi: 10.1080/15374416.2011.563460.
We hypothesized that trajectories of domestic violence (DV), maternal depression, and household income (from pregnancy to age 4) would be differentially associated with instability and stability of attachment, as measured by the Strange Situation at ages 1 and 4. Participants were 150 women and children. Women were first assessed during pregnancy and then yearly when the children were 1 to 4 years old. Overall, attachment was unstable for 56% of the sample from age 1 to age 4. Trajectories of DV and income both predicted attachment patterns. Positive outcomes (secure-secure and insecure-secure) were related to initially low levels of DV that stayed constant or became lower as well as initially high or low levels of income that increased over time.
我们假设，家庭暴力（DV）、产妇抑郁和家庭收入（从怀孕到 4 岁）的轨迹与通过 1 岁和 4 岁时的陌生情境评估的依恋稳定性和不稳定性相关，参与者为 150 名妇女和儿童。在怀孕期间首次对妇女进行评估，然后在孩子 1 至 4 岁时每年进行一次评估。总体而言，56%的样本从 1 岁到 4 岁的依恋不稳定。DV 和收入的轨迹都可以预测依恋模式。积极的结果（安全-安全和不安全-安全）与最初较低的 DV 水平相关，这些水平保持不变或变得更低，以及最初较高或较低的收入水平随时间增加。
