Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5245, USA.
Ecol Lett. 2011 Jul;14(7):643-52. doi: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01625.x. Epub 2011 May 3.
What explains the striking variation in local species richness across the globe and the remarkable diversity of rainforest sites in Amazonia? Here, we apply a novel phylogenetic approach to these questions, using treefrogs (Hylidae) as a model system. Hylids show dramatic variation in local richness globally and incredible local diversity in Amazonia. We find that variation in local richness is not explained primarily by climatic factors, rates of diversification (speciation and extinction) nor morphological variation. Instead, local richness patterns are explained predominantly by the timing of colonization of each region, and Amazonian megadiversity is linked to the long-term sympatry of multiple clades in that region. Our results also suggest intriguing interactions between clade diversification, trait evolution and the accumulation of local richness. Specifically, sympatry between clades seems to slow diversification and trait evolution, but prevents neither the accumulation of local richness over time nor the co-occurrence of similar species.
是什么解释了全球范围内局部物种丰富度的惊人变化，以及亚马逊雨林地区显著的生物多样性？在这里，我们应用一种新颖的系统发育方法来解决这些问题，以树蛙（雨蛙科）作为模型系统。雨蛙在全球范围内表现出显著的局部丰富度变化，在亚马逊地区表现出令人难以置信的局部多样性。我们发现，局部丰富度的变化主要不是由气候因素、多样化速度（物种形成和灭绝）或形态变异来解释的。相反，局部丰富度的模式主要由每个区域的殖民化时间来解释，而亚马逊地区的巨型多样性与该地区多个分支的长期同域有关。我们的研究结果还表明，分支多样化、特征进化和局部丰富度积累之间存在着有趣的相互作用。具体来说，分支之间的同域似乎减缓了多样化和特征进化，但既不能阻止局部丰富度随时间的积累，也不能阻止相似物种的共存。
