Department of Sport Science and Kinesiology, University of Salzburg, Austria; BioMotion Center, Department of Sport and Sport Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany; FoSS - Research Center for Physical Education and Sports of Children and Adolescents, Karlsruhe, Germany.
Gait Posture. 2011 May;34(1):119-25. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2011.03.025. Epub 2011 May 4.
Anthropometric characteristics, particularly body mass, are important factors in the development and progression of varus/valgus angular deformities of the knee and have long-term implications including increased risk of osteoarthritis. However, information on how excessive body weight affects the biomechanics of dynamic activities in children is limited. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that during stair-walking lower extremity joint moments normalized to body mass in obese children are greater than those in normal-weight children. Eighteen obese children (10.5±1.5 years, 148±10cm, 56.6±8.4kg) and 17 normal-weight children (10.4±1.3 years, 143±9cm, 36.7±7.5kg) were recruited. A Vicon system and two AMTI force plates were used to record and analyze the kinematics and kinetics of ascending and descending stairs. Significant differences in spatio-temporal, kinematic and kinetic parameters during ascending and descending stairs between obese and normal-weight children were detected. For stair ascent, greater hip abduction moments (+23%; p=0.001) and greater knee extension moments (+20%; p=0.008) were observed. For stair descent, smaller hip extension moment (-52%; p=0.031), and greater hip flexion moments (+25%; p=0.016) and knee extension moments (+15%, p=0.008) were observed for obese subjects. To date, it is unclear if and how the body may adapt to greater joint moments in obese children. Nevertheless, these differences in joint moments may contribute to a cumulative overloading of the joint through adolescence into adulthood, and potentially result in a greater risk of developing knee and hip osteoarthritis.
人体测量特征，特别是体重，是导致膝关节内翻/外翻角度畸形发展和进展的重要因素，且具有长期影响，包括增加患骨关节炎的风险。然而，关于超重如何影响儿童动态活动的生物力学的信息有限。本研究旨在检验假设，即肥胖儿童在进行上下楼梯活动时，下肢关节力矩相对于体重的归一化值大于正常体重儿童。研究招募了 18 名肥胖儿童（10.5±1.5 岁，148±10cm，56.6±8.4kg）和 17 名正常体重儿童（10.4±1.3 岁，143±9cm，36.7±7.5kg）。采用 Vicon 系统和两个 AMTI 力板记录和分析上下楼梯的运动学和动力学。在上下楼梯过程中，肥胖儿童和正常体重儿童的时空、运动学和动力学参数存在显著差异。在上楼梯时，观察到更大的髋关节外展力矩（+23%；p=0.001）和更大的膝关节伸展力矩（+20%；p=0.008）。在下楼梯时，观察到肥胖组髋关节伸展力矩减小（-52%；p=0.031），髋关节屈曲力矩增大（+25%；p=0.016）和膝关节伸展力矩增大（+15%；p=0.008）。到目前为止，还不清楚肥胖儿童的身体是否以及如何适应更大的关节力矩。然而，这些关节力矩的差异可能会导致关节在青少年期到成年期逐渐过度负荷，并可能导致患膝髋关节炎的风险增加。
