University of British Columbia, Department of Medicine, Canada.
Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2011 Aug;25(4):549-61. doi: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2011.03.003. Epub 2011 May 4.
Hypertension, proteinuria and biochemical changes caused by pre-eclampsia may persist for several weeks and even months postpartum. Hypertension and pre-eclampsia may even develop for the first time postpartum. Care in the six weeks postpartum should include management of hypertension and screening for secondary causes of hypertension including renal disease if abnormalities persist beyond six weeks. Optimal postpartum monitoring for patients with preeclampsia has not been determined, and care needs to be individualized. The postpartum period also provides a window of opportunity for planning for the next pregnancy in addition to discussing long term implications of pre-eclampsia. Increased risk for the development of premature cardiovascular disease is the most significant long term implication of pre-eclampsia. Pre-eclampsia and cardiovascular disease share a common disease pathophysiology. Women who develop pre-eclampsia have pre-existing metabolic abnormalities or may develop them later in life. Women with early onset pre-eclampsia are at the highest risk of ischemic heart disease. Women with a history of pre-eclampsia should adopt a heart healthy lifestyle and should be screened and treated for traditional cardiovascular risk factors according to locally accepted guidelines.
先兆子痫引起的高血压、蛋白尿和生化变化可能会在产后持续数周甚至数月。高血压和先兆子痫甚至可能在产后首次发生。产后六周的护理应包括高血压的管理，如果异常持续超过六周，应筛查高血压的继发性病因，包括肾脏疾病。尚未确定子痫前期患者的最佳产后监测方法，需要个体化护理。除了讨论子痫前期的长期影响外，产后期间还为计划下一次妊娠提供了机会。发生早产心血管疾病的风险增加是子痫前期最显著的长期影响。子痫前期和心血管疾病具有共同的疾病病理生理学。发生子痫前期的妇女存在预先存在的代谢异常，或以后的生活中可能会出现这些异常。早发型子痫前期的妇女患缺血性心脏病的风险最高。有子痫前期病史的妇女应采用健康的心脏生活方式，并应根据当地接受的指南筛查和治疗传统心血管危险因素。
