Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, Gwanakgu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Environ Toxicol Chem. 2011 Jul;30(7):1697-703. doi: 10.1002/etc.556. Epub 2011 May 16.
The combined toxic effects of Cd and Pb in the presence of different concentrations of Ca(2+) were predicted using the biotic ligand model (BLM), with the parameters derived from the Cd-only and Pb-only toxicity data. The BLM-based toxic unit (TU) approach and the proposed BLM-based f(mix) approach were used for prediction. The predicted mixture toxic effects using the BLM-based f(mix) approach were closer to the observed mixture effects (root mean square error [RMSE] = 9.7 at 25 mM Ca(2+) ) than that using the BLM-based TU approach (RMSE = 25.6 at 25 mM Ca(2+) ). This can be attributed to the fact that the BLM-based TU approach only considers the competition between Ca(2+) and Cd or Pb, whereas the BLM-based f(mix) approach considers both the competition between Cd and Pb and the competition between Ca(2+) and Cd or Pb for biotic ligand sites. In addition, the parameters derived from the Cd-only and Pb-only solutions in the presence of the background Ca(2+) concentration (0.025 mM) could be used to predict the mixture toxic effects at higher Ca(2+) concentrations. The BLM-based f(mix) approach proposed in the current study suggests a new way of predicting the Cd-Pb mixture toxicity from the single metal toxicity data by adopting the f(mix) values.
采用生物配体模型 (BLM) 预测了不同浓度 Ca(2+) 存在下 Cd 和 Pb 的联合毒性效应，参数是根据 Cd 单独和 Pb 单独毒性数据得出的。采用基于 BLM 的毒性单位 (TU) 方法和提出的基于 BLM 的 f(mix) 方法进行预测。基于 BLM 的 f(mix) 方法预测的混合物毒性效应更接近观察到的混合物效应（在 25 mM Ca(2+) 时 RMSE=9.7），而基于 BLM 的 TU 方法预测的 RMSE=25.6 在 25 mM Ca(2+)）。这可以归因于这样一个事实，即基于 BLM 的 TU 方法仅考虑 Ca(2+)与 Cd 或 Pb 之间的竞争，而基于 BLM 的 f(mix) 方法同时考虑 Cd 和 Pb 之间的竞争以及 Ca(2+)与 Cd 或 Pb 之间的竞争。生物配体位点。此外，在背景 Ca(2+)浓度（0.025 mM）存在下从 Cd 仅和 Pb 仅溶液得出的参数可用于预测更高 Ca(2+)浓度下的混合物毒性效应。本研究提出的基于 BLM 的 f(mix) 方法通过采用 f(mix) 值，为从单一金属毒性数据预测 Cd-Pb 混合物毒性提供了一种新方法。
