Department of Anthropology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA.
Am J Phys Anthropol. 2011 Aug;145(4):653-7. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.21526. Epub 2011 May 3.
We present the oldest genetically identified dog in the Americas, directly dated to 9,260 ± 170 Cal. B.P. The DNA was extracted from an occipital condyle imbedded in a human paleofecal sample from Hinds Cave in southwest Texas. A 368 base pair fragment of the mitochondrial genome control region was sequenced. These data were analyzed with comparable data, which included other ancient dogs and extant dogs, wolves and coyotes from around the world. Compiled with published data, our results characterize ancient American dogs within clades rooted by Eurasian wolves. In the Americas, these data provide no evidence of local interbreeding with wolves. This is a departure from the genetic pattern in other areas of the world where interbreeding with local wolf populations is apparent. Our discovery of domestic dog bone in a human paleofecal sample provides the earliest direct evidence for human consumption of dogs in the New World. These data support the hypothesis that dogs were a food source for early Paleoamericans.
我们展示了美洲最古老的经基因鉴定的狗，其年代可直接追溯到 9260±170 年前。从德克萨斯州西南部欣兹洞穴的人类古粪便样本中提取了一块枕骨髁的 DNA。对线粒体基因组控制区的 368 个碱基对片段进行了测序。将这些数据与包括来自世界各地的其他古代犬和现代犬、狼和郊狼的可比数据进行了分析。结合已发表的数据，我们的结果将古代美洲犬归入以欧亚狼为根的进化枝中。在美洲，这些数据没有提供与当地狼种杂交的证据。这与世界其他地区的遗传模式不同，在其他地区，与当地狼种杂交的现象很明显。我们在人类古粪便样本中发现了犬骨，这为新世界人类食用犬只提供了最早的直接证据。这些数据支持了犬只是早期古美洲人的一种食物来源的假说。
