Tkachuk A P, Kim M V, Savitskiĭ V Iu, Savitskiĭ M Iu
Zh Obshch Biol. 2011 Mar-Apr;72(2):93-110.
Methods of biocontrol are widely used for suppression of pests and human disease vectors. One of the key methods is insects sterilization (sterile insect technique--SIT), which currently is accomplished by irradiation. Radiation-exposed insects have reduced fitness so theis competitive abilities are diminished as compared to insects from wild populations. Modern bioengineering is capable of producing transgenic insects with predetermined traits, and by now the schemes for getting sterile insects without exposure to radiation are developed. Another area of modern studies is producing insects that are unable to transmit diseases malaria, for example. In the present review the implementation and perspectives are outlined for replacement of Anopheles wild populations with transgenic mosquitos. The main way for delivering the genetic material to recipient's genome is using transposon-based constructs. The markers of transgenesis are described. The potential danger for the environment of transgenic constructs remobilization and the necessity of their stabilization within the genome are emphasized. The existing methods of stabilization which involve the deletion of transposon terminal inverted repeats are described.
生物防治方法被广泛用于抑制害虫和人类疾病传播媒介。其中一个关键方法是昆虫绝育（昆虫不育技术——SIT），目前通过辐照来实现。受辐射的昆虫适应性降低，因此与野生种群的昆虫相比，其竞争能力减弱。现代生物工程能够生产具有预定性状的转基因昆虫，到目前为止，已开发出无需辐照就能获得无菌昆虫的方案。现代研究的另一个领域是生产例如无法传播疟疾等疾病的昆虫。在本综述中，概述了用转基因蚊子取代野生按蚊种群的实施情况和前景。将遗传物质传递到受体基因组的主要方法是使用基于转座子的构建体。描述了转基因的标记。强调了转基因构建体重新激活对环境的潜在危险以及它们在基因组内稳定的必要性。描述了涉及删除转座子末端反向重复序列的现有稳定方法。
