Department of Mechanical, Automotive and Materials Engineering, University of Windsor, 410 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada.
Accid Anal Prev. 2011 Jul;43(4):1438-50. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2011.02.022. Epub 2011 Mar 16.
This research focuses on an investigation into the head and neck injuries sustained by toddlers due to CRS misuse under frontal and side impact crashes. A fully deformable FE model incorporating a Hybrid III 3-year-old dummy was developed which has been previously validated for frontal impacts under CMVSS 208 and FMVSS 213 testing conditions. Furthermore, this model has also been validated under near-side impact conditions in accordance to crash tests carried out by NHTSA. In addition, numerical models incorporating a Q3/Q3s prototype child crash test dummies were developed. The objective of this research was to study the effect of seatbelt slack and the absence of the top tether strap on the head and neck injuries sustained by toddlers in a vehicle crash. Numerical simulations were conducted under full frontal and near side impact crash testing conditions in accordance with FMVSS 213 for the Hybrid III 3-year-old dummy and Q3/Q3s dummies in the absence and presence of slack in the seatbelt webbing, and in the absence and presence of the top tether strap. In addition, the effect of using a cross-shaped rigid ISOFIX system was also investigated. An analysis of the head and chest accelerations, neck loads and moments was completed to investigate the potential of injury due to CRS misuse. An increase in HIC(15) by approximately 30-40% for the frontal impact and 10-20% for the near-side impact respectively was observed for the Q3 child dummy due to both forms of CRS misuse. In the absence of the top tether strap the forward head excursions were observed to be increased by approximately 70% for the Hybrid III 3-year-old dummy and 40% for the Q3 dummy, respectively. Use of the cross-shaped rigid ISOFIX system illustrated a reduction in head and neck injury parameters, for both frontal and side impact conditions, in the absence and presence of CRS misuse. CRS misuse results in a significant increase in injury parameters and potential for contact related head injuries. Use of a rigid ISOFIX system to restrain a CRS provides better CRS and dummy confinement and reduced injury potential than a flexible ISOFIX system.
本研究专注于调查由于 CRS 误用导致的婴幼儿在前部和侧面碰撞中的头部和颈部受伤。开发了一个完全可变形的有限元模型，其中包含一个之前已根据 CMVSS 208 和 FMVSS 213 测试条件验证过的 Hybrid III 3 岁假人。此外，根据 NHTSA 进行的碰撞测试，该模型还在近侧碰撞条件下进行了验证。此外，还开发了包含 Q3/Q3s 原型儿童碰撞测试假人的数值模型。本研究的目的是研究安全带松弛和缺少上系绳带对车辆碰撞中婴幼儿头部和颈部受伤的影响。根据 FMVSS 213 对 Hybrid III 3 岁假人和 Q3/Q3s 假人进行了完全正面和近侧碰撞测试条件下的数值模拟，分别在安全带织带松弛和存在的情况下，以及在缺少和存在上系绳带的情况下。此外，还研究了使用十字形刚性 ISOFIX 系统的效果。完成了对头和胸部加速度、颈部负荷和力矩的分析，以研究由于 CRS 误用导致受伤的可能性。由于两种形式的 CRS 误用，Q3 儿童假人在前部碰撞中的 HIC(15)增加了约 30-40%，在近侧碰撞中增加了 10-20%。在缺少上系绳带的情况下，观察到 Hybrid III 3 岁假人和 Q3 假人的头部前伸分别增加了约 70%和 40%。使用十字形刚性 ISOFIX 系统说明了在 CRS 误用的情况下，无论是正面碰撞还是侧面碰撞，头部和颈部受伤参数都有所减少。CRS 误用会导致受伤参数显著增加，并有可能导致与接触相关的头部受伤。与使用柔性 ISOFIX 系统相比，刚性 ISOFIX 系统约束 CRS 可提供更好的 CRS 和假人约束，并降低受伤风险。
