Diagnosis and treatment of azoospermia resulting from testicular sarcoidosis.

Genitourinary sarcoidosis is uncommon, with only rare documented cases of testicular involvement reported. We detail the case of a 37-year-old male who initially presented for azoospermia and secondary infertility. A testicular biopsy revealed nonnecrotizing granulomas and a chest x-ray identified perihilar lymphadenopathy and granulomatous lung nodules. A corticosteroid regimen was administered, and routine semen analyses were conducted. Significant improvements were noted after prednisone treatments. A successful in vivo fertilization was obtained. This is the first known case of testicular sarcoidosis diagnosed during investigations into azoospermia and secondary infertility which, after treatment with corticosteroids, resulted in natural fertilization.