Vincent M, Chemarin C
Service de pneumologie, centre hospitalier Saint-Joseph et Saint-Luc, 20, quai Claude-Bernard, Lyon 69007, France.
Rev Mal Respir. 2011 Apr;28(4):496-502. doi: 10.1016/j.rmr.2010.10.033. Epub 2011 Mar 17.
Mineral particle air pollution consists of both atmospheric pollution and indoor pollution. Indoor pollution comes from household products, cosmetics, combustion used to heat homes or cook food, smoking, hobbies or odd jobs. There is strong evidence that acute respiratory infections in children and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in women are associated with indoor biomass smoke. Detailed questioning is essential to identify at risk activities and sampling of airborne particles may help with the identification of pollution risks. Particle elimination depends on the standard of ventilation of the indoor environment. Five per cent of French homes have levels of pollution greater than 180 μg/m³ for PM 10 and 2% for PM 2.5. The principal mineral particle air pollutants are probably silica, talc, asbestos and carbon, whereas tobacco smoke leads to exposure to various ultrafine particles. The toxicity of these particles could be more related to surface exchange than to density. Tissue measurements by electron microscopy and microanalysis of particle samples may identify an uptake of particles similar to those in the environmental sample.
矿物颗粒空气污染包括大气污染和室内污染。室内污染来自家用产品、化妆品、用于家庭取暖或烹饪食物的燃烧、吸烟、爱好或零工。有强有力的证据表明，儿童急性呼吸道感染和女性慢性阻塞性肺疾病与室内生物质烟雾有关。详细询问对于识别有风险的活动至关重要，对空气中颗粒进行采样可能有助于识别污染风险。颗粒清除取决于室内环境的通风标准。5%的法国家庭中，PM10的污染水平高于180μg/m³，PM2.5的污染水平高于2%。主要的矿物颗粒空气污染物可能是二氧化硅、滑石、石棉和碳，而烟草烟雾会导致接触各种超细颗粒。这些颗粒的毒性可能与表面交换的关系比与密度的关系更大。通过电子显微镜进行的组织测量和颗粒样品的微量分析可能会识别出与环境样品中类似的颗粒摄取情况。
