Department of Chemistry and Center for Electro-Photo Behaviors in Advance Molecular Systems, POSTECH, San 31 Hyoja-dong, Pohang, 790-784, Republic of Korea.
Chem Commun (Camb). 2011 Jul 21;47(27):7583-601. doi: 10.1039/c1cc00014d. Epub 2011 May 6.
Chemical probes are valuable tools for the investigation of biochemical processes, diagnosis of disease markers, detection of hazardous compounds, and other purposes. Therefore, the development of chemical probes continues to grow through various approaches with different disciplines and design strategies. Fluorescent probes have received much attention because they are sensitive and easy-to-operate, in general. To realize desired selectivity toward a given analyte, the recognition site of a fluorescent probe is designed in such a way to maximize the binding interactions, usually through weak molecular forces such as hydrogen bonding, toward the analyte over other competing ones. In addition to such a supramolecular approach, the development of fluorescent probes that sense analytes through chemical reactions has witnessed its usefulness for achieving high selectivity, in many cases, superior to that obtainable by the supramolecular approach. Creative incorporations of the reactive groups to latent fluorophores have provided novel chemical probes for various analytes. In this feature article, we overview the recent progress in the development of turn-on fluorescent probes that are operating through chemical reactions triggered by target analytes. Various chemical reactions have been implemented in the development of many reactive probes with very high selectivity and sensitivity toward target analytes. A major emphasis has been focused on the type of chemical reactions utilized, with the hope that further explorations can be made with new chemical reactions to develop reactive probes useful for various applications.
化学探针是研究生化过程、诊断疾病标志物、检测有害化合物等的有价值的工具。因此，通过不同学科和设计策略的各种方法，化学探针的开发不断发展。荧光探针因其灵敏、易于操作而受到广泛关注。为了实现对特定分析物的所需选择性，荧光探针的识别位点被设计成通过氢键等弱分子力最大限度地增强与分析物的结合相互作用，而不是与其他竞争物。除了这种超分子方法外，通过化学反应感应分析物的荧光探针的开发已经证明在许多情况下，其在实现高选择性方面非常有用，优于超分子方法。将反应基团创造性地引入潜在荧光团中，为各种分析物提供了新颖的化学探针。在这篇专题文章中，我们综述了近年来通过目标分析物触发的化学反应来开发开启型荧光探针的最新进展。通过许多具有非常高选择性和灵敏度的反应性探针的开发，已经实施了各种化学反应。重点关注所利用的化学反应类型，希望能够通过新的化学反应进行进一步探索，开发出用于各种应用的反应性探针。
