Arroyo-Figueroa Gabriela, Ruiz-Aguilar Graciela M L, López-Martínez Leticia, González-Sánchez Guillermo, Cuevas-Rodríguez Germán, Rodríguez-Vázquez Refugio
Departamento de Ingeniería Agroindustrial, División de Ciencias de la Salud e Ingenierías, Campus Celaya-Salvatierra, Universidad de Guanajuato, Salvatierra, Gto. México.
ScientificWorldJournal. 2011 May 5;11:1005-16. doi: 10.1100/tsw.2011.99.
Trametes versicolor (Tv) fungus can degrade synthetic dyes that contain azo groups, anthraquinone, triphenylmethane polymers, and heterocyclic groups. However, no references have been found related to the degradation of natural dyes, such as the carminic acid that is contained in the cochineal extract. Experiments to determine the decolorization of the effluent used in the cotton dyeing process with cochineal extract by means of Tv fungus were done. Treatments to determine decolorization in the presence or absence of Kirk's medium, glucose, and fungus, with an addition of 50% (v v-1) of nonsterilized effluent were performed. Physicochemical characterization was performed at the start and end of the treatment. Degradation kinetics were determined. A direct relationship was found between the dry weight of fungi, pH, and the decolorization system, with higher decolorization at lower pH levels (pH ~4.3). High decolorization (81% ± 0.09; 88% ± 0.17; and 99% ± 0.04) for three of the eight treatments (Kirk's medium without glucose, Kirk's medium with glucose, and without medium with glucose, respectively) was found. Toxicity tests determined an increase in the initial effluent toxicity (7.33 TU) compared with the final treatment (47.73 TU) in a period of 11 days. For this system, a degradation sequence of the carminic acid structure present in the effluent by the Tv fungus is suggested, in which it is seen that metabolites still containing aromatic structures are generated.
云芝（Tv）真菌能够降解含有偶氮基团、蒽醌、三苯甲烷聚合物和杂环基团的合成染料。然而，尚未发现与天然染料降解相关的参考文献，例如胭脂虫提取物中含有的胭脂红酸。开展了利用云芝真菌对棉织物染色过程中使用的含胭脂虫提取物废水进行脱色的实验。进行了在有或无柯克培养基、葡萄糖和真菌存在的情况下的处理，并添加50%（v v-1）的未灭菌废水。在处理开始和结束时进行了理化特性分析。测定了降解动力学。发现真菌干重、pH值与脱色系统之间存在直接关系，在较低pH值（pH约4.3）下脱色率更高。在八种处理中的三种处理（分别为不含葡萄糖的柯克培养基、含葡萄糖的柯克培养基以及不含培养基但含葡萄糖）中发现了较高的脱色率（81%±0.09；88%±0.17；99%±0.04）。毒性测试表明，在11天的时间里，初始废水毒性（7.33毒性单位）相较于最终处理后的毒性（47.73毒性单位）有所增加。针对该系统，提出了云芝真菌对废水中存在的胭脂红酸结构的降解顺序，从中可以看出会生成仍含有芳香结构的代谢产物。
