Department of Psychology, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242-0001, USA.
Health Psychol. 2011 May;30(3):295-9. doi: 10.1037/a0023125.
During the 2009-2010 H1N1 flu pandemic, many institutions installed alcohol-based hand sanitizer dispensers in public settings in an effort to prevent the spread of the virus. Yet, usage of these dispensers remained low.
Point-of-use reminder signs were designed to emphasize four theoretically grounded health beliefs: perceived susceptibility, social norms, consequences of the behavior framed as gains, and consequences of the behavior framed as losses. From October 2009 to March 2010, 58 sanitizer dispensers in public buildings were randomly assigned to have one of the four signs placed next to it, and dispenser usage was continually monitored.
All signs were associated with greater sanitizer usage compared to no sign. The gain-framed sign was associated with greatest usage (66% over no sign). Signs emphasizing susceptibility to H1N1 were associated with the lowest usage (41% over no sign). Although usage declined over time and closely mirrored trends in public interest about H1N1, the influence of the signs was not dependent on degree of public interest.
This experimental field study shows how simple, theoretically grounded signs can serve as cues to action in promoting the adoption of preventive behaviors. Gain-framed signage is particularly effective in promoting hand hygiene in a flu pandemic.
在 2009-2010 年 H1N1 流感大流行期间，许多机构在公共场所安装了含酒精的洗手液分配器，以努力防止病毒传播。然而，这些分配器的使用率仍然很低。
在 2009 年 10 月至 2010 年 3 月期间，在公共建筑中的 58 个洗手液分配器旁随机放置了四个基于理论的具有针对性的提醒标志，以强调四个理论基础的健康信念：感知易感性、社会规范、行为的收益后果和行为的损失后果。同时持续监测分配器的使用情况。
与没有标志相比，所有标志都与更高的洗手液使用率相关。以收益为框架的标志与最高的使用率相关（比没有标志高 66%）。强调对 H1N1 易感性的标志与最低的使用率相关（比没有标志高 41%）。尽管使用率随着时间的推移而下降，并且与公众对 H1N1 的兴趣趋势密切相关，但标志的影响并不取决于公众兴趣的程度。
这项实验性现场研究表明，简单的、基于理论的标志可以作为促进预防性行为采用的行动提示。以收益为框架的标志在流感大流行期间特别有效地促进手部卫生。
