Alpert School of Medicine of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
Matern Child Health J. 2012 May;16(4):894-901. doi: 10.1007/s10995-011-0814-9.
Previous studies have suggested that adolescent mothers with higher social support have lower depressive symptoms. This is a longitudinal study of adolescent mothers to examine the association of social support and depressive symptoms over one year postpartum. This was a prospective study of adolescent mothers (N at baseline = 120, N at 1 year = 89; age < 19 years) enrolled in a teen tot program. Participants completed the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for children (CES-DC) and the Duke-UNC Functional Social Support Questionnaire at baseline, 12 weeks, and 1 year. A score of ≥ 16 on the CES-DC was suggestive of major depression. The mean CES-DC scores of the adolescent mothers were ≥ 16 points at all three time points (baseline: mean = 18.7 ± 10.3; 53% ≥ 16; 12 weeks: mean = 18.4 ± 11.4, 57% ≥ 16; one year: mean = 20.0 ± 11.4; 57% ≥ 16). Social support had a significant, inverse association with depressive symptoms for all participants from baseline to 12 weeks with a stronger association for those with more depressive symptoms (score ≥ 16) at baseline (beta = -0.030 ± 0.007; P < 0.001) than for those with fewer depressive symptoms (score < 16) at baseline (beta = -0.013 ± 0.006; P = 0.021). From 12 weeks to one year, increased social support was only significantly associated with decreased depressive symptoms for those with a higher baseline level of depressive symptoms (beta = - 0.039 ± 0.009; P < 0.001). Depressive symptoms were prevalent among adolescent mothers. For more depressed adolescent mothers, higher levels of social support were associated with less depressive symptoms over the 1 year follow-up. Effective long-term interventions are needed to lessen depression and enhance social support.
先前的研究表明，社会支持程度较高的青少年母亲抑郁症状较轻。本研究旨在通过纵向研究，考察青少年母亲产后一年的社会支持与抑郁症状之间的关系。这是一项针对青少年母亲（基线时 N = 120，1 年后 N = 89；年龄<19 岁）的青少年托育计划的前瞻性研究。参与者在基线、12 周和 1 年均完成儿童流行病学研究中心抑郁量表（CES-DC）和杜克-UNC 功能性社会支持问卷。CES-DC 得分为≥16 分提示有重度抑郁。青少年母亲的 CES-DC 平均得分在三个时间点均≥16 分（基线：平均=18.7±10.3；53%≥16；12 周：平均=18.4±11.4，57%≥16；1 年：平均=20.0±11.4；57%≥16）。社会支持与所有参与者从基线到 12 周的抑郁症状呈显著负相关，而对于基线时抑郁症状更严重（得分≥16）的参与者，这种相关性更强（β=-0.030±0.007；P<0.001），而对于基线时抑郁症状较轻（得分<16）的参与者，这种相关性较弱（β=-0.013±0.006；P=0.021）。从 12 周到 1 年，只有基线时抑郁水平较高的参与者，社会支持的增加与抑郁症状的减少显著相关（β=-0.039±0.009；P<0.001）。青少年母亲中抑郁症状较为普遍。对于抑郁程度较高的青少年母亲，较高的社会支持水平与 1 年随访期间抑郁症状的减轻相关。需要采取有效的长期干预措施来减轻抑郁和增强社会支持。
