Fernández-Artamendi Sergio, Fernández-Hermida José R, Secades-Villa Roberto, García-Portilla Paz
Grupo de Conductas Adictivas de la Universidad de Oviedo.
Actas Esp Psiquiatr. 2011 May-Jun;39(3):180-90. Epub 2011 May 1.
Cannabis is currently the most widely consumed illegal drug in both Europe and the United States. Cannabis dependence criteria are defined by the principal diagnostic manuals (DSM-IV and ICD-10), but not cannabis withdrawal syndrome, although cannabis withdrawal produces certain significant symptoms that are beginning to be typified by research. While not all cannabis users present mental health problems, recent reviews point to a greater risk of various mental disorders in cannabis users. The risks are associated with younger age at first use, greater frequency of use or certain personal predispositions. Research has revealed not only alterations in both the psychotic and affective spectra, but also cognitive deterioration and associations between cannabis use and antisocial behavior, use of other illegal drugs and other health risks. Although contaminating factors and the difficulty of accurately assessing the extent and history of cannabis use represent considerable obstacles to progress in this research field, studies carried out in recent years have contributed conclusive findings on the potential risks of cannabis use. The present article reviews the main scientific findings and conclusions with respect to the association between cannabis use and mental health.
大麻目前是欧洲和美国使用最为广泛的非法毒品。大麻依赖标准由主要诊断手册（《精神疾病诊断与统计手册第四版》和《国际疾病分类第十版》）定义，但大麻戒断综合征未被定义，尽管大麻戒断会产生某些显著症状，且这些症状正开始通过研究得以明确。虽然并非所有大麻使用者都会出现心理健康问题，但近期综述指出，大麻使用者出现各种精神障碍的风险更高。这些风险与首次使用时年龄较小、使用频率较高或某些个人易感性有关。研究不仅揭示了精神病性和情感谱系方面的改变，还发现了认知衰退以及大麻使用与反社会行为、使用其他非法毒品和其他健康风险之间的关联。尽管混杂因素以及准确评估大麻使用程度和历史的困难对该研究领域的进展构成了相当大的障碍，但近年来开展的研究已就大麻使用的潜在风险得出了确凿结论。本文综述了关于大麻使用与心理健康之间关联的主要科学发现和结论。
