Zhang Yuxuan, Zhang Mengying, Leng Liang, Wu Ya, Yang Hanting, Wang Liangting, Liu Baimei, Yang Shuai, Yang Zizhong, Chen Shilin, Song Chi
School of Pharmacy, Chengdu university of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
Institute of Herbgenomics, Chengdu university of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
Front Genet. 2025 Mar 25;16:1544087. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2025.1544087. eCollection 2025.
Karyotype and genome size are critical genetic characteristics with significant value for cytogenetics, taxonomy, phylogenetics, evolution, and molecular biology. The Lycosidae family, known for its diverse spiders with varying ecological habits and behavioral traits, has seen limited exploration of its karyotype and genome size.
We utilized an improved tissue drop technique to prepare chromosome slides and compare the features of male and female karyotypes for two wolf spiders with different habits of Lycosidae. Furthermore, we predicted their genome sizes using flow cytometry (FCM) and K-mer analysis.
The karyotypes of female and male were 2n♀ = 26 = 14 m + 12 sm and 2n♂ = 24 = 10 m + 14 sm, respectively, and were composed of metacentric (m) and submetacentric (sm) chromosomes. In contrast, the karyotypes of consisted of telocentric (t) and subtelocentric (st) chromosomes (2n♀ = 20 = 20th and 2n♂ = 18 = 12th + 6t, for females and males). The sex chromosomes were both XXO. The estimated sizes of the and genomes were 1966.54-2099.89 Mb and 3692.81-4012.56 Mb, respectively. Flow cytometry yielded slightly smaller estimates for genome size compared to k-mer analysis. K-mer analysis revealed a genome heterozygosity of 0.42% for and 0.80% for , along with duplication ratios of 21.39% and 54.91%, respectively.
This study describes the first analysis of the genome sizes and karyotypes of two spiders from the Lycosidae that exhibit differential habits and provides essential data for future phylogenetic, cytogenetic, and genomic studies.
核型和基因组大小是关键的遗传特征，对细胞遗传学、分类学、系统发育学、进化和分子生物学具有重要价值。狼蛛科以其具有不同生态习性和行为特征的多样蜘蛛而闻名，但其核型和基因组大小的研究有限。
我们采用改进的组织滴片技术制备染色体玻片，并比较了狼蛛科两种具有不同习性的狼蛛的雌雄核型特征。此外，我们使用流式细胞术（FCM）和K-mer分析预测了它们的基因组大小。
雌性和雄性的核型分别为2n♀ = 26 = 14m + 12sm和2n♂ = 24 = 10m + 14sm，由中着丝粒（m）和亚中着丝粒（sm）染色体组成。相比之下，的核型由端着丝粒（t）和近端着丝粒（st）染色体组成（雌性为2n♀ = 20 = 20t，雄性为2n♂ = 18 = 12st + 6t）。性染色体均为XXO。和的基因组估计大小分别为1966.54 - 2099.89 Mb和3692.81 - 4012.56 Mb。与K-mer分析相比，流式细胞术得出的基因组大小估计值略小。K-mer分析显示，的基因组杂合度为0.42%，的为0.80%，重复率分别为21.39%和54.91%。
本研究首次分析了狼蛛科两种习性不同的蜘蛛的基因组大小和核型，为未来的系统发育、细胞遗传学和基因组研究提供了重要数据。
