Paciorek Magdalena
Instytut Historii Nauki PAN Warszawa.
Kwart Hist Nauki Tech. 2010;55(3-4):149-84.
In the article was presented a development of Polish medical press in the years 1945-1949. A special attention is drawn by time turning point, which was set up by the Author. A year 1945 is not only the time of the end of World War II and the beginning of consecutive stage of the history, but also is the moment of establishing new scientific institutions, among others--Scientific and Publishing Department at Ministry of Health, which was to protect the remaining scientific output and develop it. A final time turning point--a year 1949--is not only a period of slow elimination of relative democratic privileges, but also is the time of decadent publishing activity of several medical periodicals that were independent of health department. Finally, it is also the beginning of edition 'Słuzba Zdrowia' ['Health Service']--a popular medical weekly magazine, the limb of ZZPSZ, a journal, which was completely subordinated to dictatorship of contemporary political system. In the paper was included an analysis of 9 titles of popular medical periodicals that were issued in the above-mentioned period. A choice of them was intended, because in this kind of magazines the Author could find the answers for the following questions--to what extent in the columns of medical journals one could observe the liberty of authors' opinions and what views concerned the freedom, what one can say about the development of scientific section and the subject matter of discussed issues, how the problems were presented and what said about contacts and cooperation of Polish doctors with foreign countries. Therefore, in the article were discussed first projects and publishing programs prepared by Scientific and Publishing Department. There was also presented chronologically an origin, development and--often--decline of succeeding popular medical periodicals' titles. A special attention was paid to the social issues of medical circles that can turn out to be extremely interesting for the present-day reader and to the scientific section, in which one could find a review of medical bibliography that in those days made it possible to publish the summaries of Western scientific bibliography.
本文介绍了1945年至1949年波兰医学出版业的发展情况。作者设定的时间转折点尤其值得关注。1945年不仅是第二次世界大战结束、历史进入新阶段的时刻，也是新科研机构成立之时，其中包括卫生部科学与出版司，其旨在保护并发展剩余的科研成果。最后一个时间转折点——1949年，不仅是相对民主特权逐渐消除的时期，也是一些独立于卫生部门的医学期刊出版活动走向衰落的时期。此外，1949年还是《健康服务》周刊创刊之年，该周刊是完全隶属于当时政治体制独裁统治的ZZPSZ期刊的分支。本文还对上述时期发行的9种大众医学期刊进行了分析。选择这些期刊是因为作者能从这类杂志中找到以下问题的答案：在医学期刊的专栏中，能在多大程度上观察到作者观点的自由表达；关于自由的观点有哪些；科学板块的发展以及所讨论问题的主题是什么样的；问题是如何呈现的；波兰医生与国外的联系与合作情况如何。因此，本文首先讨论了科学与出版司准备的项目和出版计划。还按时间顺序介绍了后续大众医学期刊的起源、发展以及——往往是——衰落情况。特别关注了医学界的社会问题，这些问题可能会让当今读者极感兴趣，还关注了科学板块，在该板块中可以找到医学文献综述，当时这使得发表西方科学文献摘要成为可能。
