Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th St. #1059, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
Fam Process. 2011 Jun;50(2):167-83. doi: 10.1111/j.1545-5300.2011.01353.x.
This manuscript illustrates methods for utilizing measurements of individuals to identify group contextual effects on individual outcomes. Contextual effects can be identified by 1 of 3 methods: (1) divergence of the simple within- and between-group regression coefficients, (2) the presence of a cross-level interaction of the within- and between-group predictor variable, or (3) the effect of discrepancies within the group. These methods can be used to incorporate group context into an individual model and can be utilized for any individual process variable that might be affected by a group context. Example data include measures of hassles and coping adequacy of inner city, poor, African American new mothers, and their family members.
本文说明了利用个体测量值来识别个体结果的群体背景效应的方法。可以通过以下 3 种方法之一来识别背景效应：(1)简单的组内和组间回归系数的差异，(2)组内和组间预测变量的交叉水平交互作用的存在，或 (3)组内差异的影响。这些方法可用于将群体背景纳入个体模型，并可用于可能受到群体背景影响的任何个体过程变量。示例数据包括城市中心、贫困、非裔美国新妈妈及其家庭成员的困难和应对能力的测量值。
