Department of Demography and Organization Studies, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78207, USA.
Womens Health Issues. 2011 Sep-Oct;21(5):374-82. doi: 10.1016/j.whi.2011.03.002. Epub 2011 May 12.
This research documented racial/ethnic differences in breastfeeding duration among mothers from seven diverse racial/ethnic groups in rural and urban areas of the United States that initiated breastfeeding among income and categorically eligible WIC participants.
Using data from the Longitudinal 9-Month-Preschool Restricted-Use data file of the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort, this research first assessed racial/ethnic differences in breastfeeding initiation and duration, maternal and child health characteristics, social service usage, and sociodemographic characteristics. Next, breastfeeding survivorship and Cox proportional hazards models were estimated to assess potential racial/ethnic disparities in breastfeeding duration once these control variables were accounted for in multiple variable models.
Breastfeeding initiation rates and breastfeeding durations of 6 months were lower among WIC-eligible mothers compared with all mothers. WIC-eligible, foreign-born Mexican-Origin Hispanic (FBMOH) mothers were most likely to breastfeed for 6 months. Breastfeeding duration rates dropped quickly after 4 months of duration among WIC-eligible mothers that initiated. Two crossover patterns in breastfeeding durations were noted among 1) FBMOH and non-Hispanic Black mothers and 2) Asian and Native American mothers. A FBMOH breastfeeding duration advantage was noted compared with non-Hispanic White mothers once all control variables were included in the Cox proportional hazard models. No other racial/ethnic disparities in breastfeeding duration were noted.
More attention to educational programs and broad forms of support as part of WIC are needed to help reach the breastfeeding duration goals of Healthy People 2010 and continued support of the Loving Support Peer Counseling Program may serve as an ideal policy for local WIC offices.
本研究记录了在美国农村和城市地区，收入和类别符合 WIC 条件的参与者中，开始母乳喂养的七个不同种族/族裔群体的母亲的母乳喂养持续时间的种族/民族差异。
本研究使用来自幼儿纵向研究-出生队列的 9 个月学前限制使用数据文件的纵向数据，首先评估了母乳喂养的开始和持续时间、母婴健康特征、社会服务使用情况和社会人口统计学特征方面的种族/民族差异。接下来，评估了母乳喂养存活率和 Cox 比例风险模型，以评估在多变量模型中考虑这些控制变量后，母乳喂养持续时间方面潜在的种族/民族差异。
与所有母亲相比，符合 WIC 条件的母亲的母乳喂养开始率和 6 个月母乳喂养持续率较低。最有可能母乳喂养 6 个月的是符合 WIC 条件、外国出生的墨西哥裔西班牙裔（FBMOH）母亲。在开始母乳喂养 4 个月后，符合 WIC 条件的母亲的母乳喂养持续率迅速下降。在母乳喂养持续时间方面，有两种交叉模式，1）FBMOH 和非西班牙裔黑人母亲之间，2）亚洲和美国原住民母亲之间。在 Cox 比例风险模型中包含所有控制变量后，与非西班牙裔白人母亲相比，FBMOH 的母乳喂养持续时间优势明显。没有发现其他种族/民族在母乳喂养持续时间方面的差异。
需要更多关注 WIC 教育计划和广泛形式的支持，以帮助实现 2010 年健康人群的母乳喂养持续时间目标，并继续支持爱支持同伴咨询计划，可以作为当地 WIC 办公室的理想政策。
