Mayo Clinic, Critical Care Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.
Postgrad Med. 2011 May;123(3):80-7. doi: 10.3810/pgm.2011.05.2286.
Use of opioids in the treatment of both acute and chronic pain has increased significantly in the past 2 decades. Recent literature suggests that chronic opioid use is related to sleep-related breathing disorders, particularly central sleep apnea of both the periodic and nonperiodic breathing pattern. The clinical significance, pathogenesis, and treatment options of these sleep-related breathing disorders are not well understood. This article summarizes the current literature on the effects of both acute and chronic opioid use on sleep, sleep-disordered breathing, and the current evidence on various treatment options for breathing disorders related to chronic opioid use.
在过去的 20 年中，阿片类药物在急性和慢性疼痛治疗中的使用显著增加。最近的文献表明，慢性阿片类药物的使用与睡眠相关的呼吸障碍有关，特别是周期性和非周期性呼吸模式的中枢性睡眠呼吸暂停。这些睡眠相关呼吸障碍的临床意义、发病机制和治疗选择尚不清楚。本文总结了目前关于急性和慢性阿片类药物使用对睡眠、睡眠呼吸障碍的影响以及关于与慢性阿片类药物使用相关的呼吸障碍的各种治疗选择的现有证据。
