EMBL-Grenoble, BP 181, 6 Rue Jules Horowitz, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
J Struct Biol. 2011 Aug;175(2):135-46. doi: 10.1016/j.jsb.2011.04.015. Epub 2011 May 6.
Control of transcription allows the regulation of cell activity in response to external stimuli and research in the field has greatly benefited from efforts in structural biology. In this review, based on specific examples from the European SPINE2-COMPLEXES initiative, we illustrate the impact of structural proteomics on our understanding of the molecular basis of gene expression. While most atomic structures were obtained by X-ray crystallography, the impact of solution NMR and cryo-electron microscopy is far from being negligible. Here, we summarize some highlights and illustrate the importance of specific technologies on the structural biology of protein-protein or protein/DNA transcription complexes: structure/function analysis of components the eukaryotic basal and activated transcription machinery with focus on the TFIID and TFIIH multi-subunit complexes as well as transcription regulators such as members of the nuclear hormone receptor families. We also discuss molecular aspects of promoter recognition and epigenetic control of gene expression.
转录控制允许细胞活动根据外部刺激进行调节，而结构生物学领域的研究极大地受益于这一努力。在这篇综述中，我们将基于欧洲 SPINE2-COMPLEXES 计划的具体例子，说明结构蛋白质组学对我们理解基因表达分子基础的影响。虽然大多数原子结构是通过 X 射线晶体学获得的，但溶液 NMR 和冷冻电镜的影响远非微不足道。在这里，我们总结了一些重点，并说明了特定技术对蛋白质-蛋白质或蛋白质/DNA 转录复合物的结构生物学的重要性：真核基本转录和激活机制的组成部分的结构/功能分析，重点是 TFIID 和 TFIIH 多亚基复合物以及转录调节剂，如核激素受体家族的成员。我们还讨论了启动子识别和基因表达的表观遗传控制的分子方面。
