Department of Radiology, Section of Pediatric Radiology, C. S. Mott Children's Hospital, University of Michigan Health System, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, Mich 48109, USA.
Radiographics. 2011 May-Jun;31(3):723-41. doi: 10.1148/rg.313105132.
Unilateral hyperlucent hemithorax is a common pediatric chest radiographic finding that may also be seen at computed tomography. It may result from congenital or acquired conditions involving the pulmonary parenchyma, airway, pulmonary vasculature, pleural space, and chest wall, as well as from technical factors such as patient rotation. Unilateral hyperlucent hemithorax has a broad differential diagnosis that includes unilateral emphysematous or bullous disease, pneumatocele, foreign body aspiration, Swyer-James syndrome, congenital lobar emphysema, endobronchial mass, unilateral pulmonary agenesis, proximal interruption of the pulmonary artery, scimitar syndrome, diaphragmatic hernia, and Poland syndrome. Although certain causes of unilateral hyperlucent hemithorax are clinically significant and potentially life threatening, others are of minimal or no clinical significance. When evaluating a patient with this finding, it is important to establish whether the apparent unilateral hyperlucent hemithorax is truly too lucent (hypoattenuating) or if the contralateral hemithorax is too opaque (hyperattenuating). It is imperative that radiologists be aware of the various causes of unilateral hyperlucent hemithorax so that they may diagnose the underlying condition and appropriately guide patient management.
单侧透亮肺是一种常见的小儿胸部 X 线摄影表现，在 CT 上也可见到。它可能由涉及肺实质、气道、肺血管、胸膜腔和胸壁的先天性或获得性疾病引起，也可能由患者旋转等技术因素引起。单侧透亮肺有广泛的鉴别诊断，包括单侧气肿性或大疱性疾病、肺气囊肿、异物吸入、Swyer-James 综合征、先天性肺大疱、支气管内肿块、单侧肺发育不全、肺动脉近端中断、弯刀综合征、膈疝和波兰综合征。虽然单侧透亮肺的某些原因具有临床意义，并且可能危及生命，但其他原因则无明显的临床意义。在评估有这种发现的患者时，重要的是要确定明显的单侧透亮肺实际上是过于透亮（低衰减），还是对侧肺过于不透明（高衰减）。放射科医生必须了解单侧透亮肺的各种原因，以便诊断潜在疾病并适当指导患者管理。
