Itakura H, Toriyama K, Uzuta F, Eto H, Komuro S, Murata K, Kiyohara T, Senba M, Motoda A
Dept. of Pathology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University.
Gan To Kagaku Ryoho. 1990 Apr;17(4 Pt 1):620-6.
Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) (Kaposi, 1872) is classified into at least three forms: 1) the classic form; in elderly men of southern European, Jewish, and Italian origin, 2) the endemic form; among native populations in equatorial Africa and 3) the epidemic form; as a complication of AIDS. As one additional form could be posttransplantation KS in organ transplant recipients. Histologically, KS is composed of two characteristic features; a proliferation of angiomatous lesion and of spindle-shaped cells. The pathological entity of the disease is still controversial. As a cause of the disease, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) has been the subject based on epidemiologic, serologic, geopathologic and histopathologic observations. About half of KS cases with AIDS has shown evidence of HCMV infection as cytomegalic viral inclusions of the cells. In contrast, about 30% of AIDS cases without KS showed histological HCMV infection. A connection between HCMV and KS was suggested by the detection of herpes-type virus particles in several KS tissue culture lines and in a tumor specimen. DNA and RNA homologous with HCMV sequences have been detected in tumor tissue of both endemic and epidemic KS by electrophoretic methods. HCMV sequences was detected in extracted DNA of 30% of classic KS, using Southern blot technique. In situ hybridization technique using specific DNA probes for HCMV has been developed to reveal endogenous nucleic acid sequences in fixed tissue sections. However, some reports showed that by the in situ technique only a small number of KS cells in the AIDS cases and no case of the classic KS were positive for HCMV within KS lesions. HCMV infections are ubiquitous. There is a very high seropositivity of HCMV in African inhabitants as well as in Africans with endemic KS. A strong association between HCMV and KS was not known. As for HIV itself in AIDS with KS, previous studies have showed the presence of chromosomal abnormalities of KS cells, but not revealed the presence of HIV DNA sequences in KS. Vascular tumors were produced by NIH/3T3 cells transfected with KS DNA of AIDS. An oncogene isolated by transfection of KS DNA encodes a growth factor; FGF. Isolation of rearranged human transforming gene following transfection of KS DNA was performed. DNA having transforming genetic elements which have been repetitively transmitted into phenotypically normal NIH/3T3 cells through cycles of transfection was isolated from tissues of KS with AIDS.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
卡波西肉瘤（KS）（卡波西，1872年）至少可分为三种类型：1）经典型，见于南欧、犹太裔和意大利裔老年男性；2）地方性，见于赤道非洲的当地人群；3）流行型，作为艾滋病的一种并发症。另外还有一种类型是器官移植受者中的移植后KS。从组织学上看，KS由两个特征性成分组成：血管性病变和梭形细胞的增殖。该疾病的病理实体仍存在争议。作为病因，基于流行病学、血清学、地理病理学和组织病理学观察，人类巨细胞病毒（HCMV）一直是研究对象。约一半的艾滋病相关KS病例显示有HCMV感染证据，表现为细胞内的巨细胞病毒包涵体。相比之下，约30%无KS的艾滋病病例显示有组织学上的HCMV感染。在几个KS组织培养系和一个肿瘤标本中检测到疱疹型病毒颗粒，提示HCMV与KS之间存在联系。通过电泳方法在地方性和流行性KS的肿瘤组织中均检测到与HCMV序列同源的DNA和RNA。使用Southern印迹技术在30%的经典KS提取DNA中检测到HCMV序列。已开发出使用针对HCMV的特异性DNA探针的原位杂交技术，以揭示固定组织切片中的内源性核酸序列。然而，一些报告显示，通过原位技术，艾滋病病例中的KS细胞仅有少数呈HCMV阳性，经典KS病例中KS病变内无一例呈HCMV阳性。HCMV感染普遍存在。非洲居民以及患有地方性KS的非洲人中HCMV血清阳性率非常高。HCMV与KS之间的强关联尚不清楚。至于艾滋病相关KS中的HIV本身，先前的研究显示KS细胞存在染色体异常，但未在KS中发现HIV DNA序列。用艾滋病KS的DNA转染NIH/3T3细胞可产生血管肿瘤。通过转染KS DNA分离出的一种癌基因编码一种生长因子；成纤维细胞生长因子（FGF）。进行了转染KS DNA后重排的人类转化基因的分离。从艾滋病相关KS组织中分离出具有转化遗传元件的DNA，这些元件通过转染循环反复传递到表型正常的NIH/3T3细胞中。（摘要截取自400字）
