USDA-ARS, Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, Genetics Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
Mol Genet Genomics. 2011 Jul;286(1):37-56. doi: 10.1007/s00438-011-0624-1. Epub 2011 May 15.
Males are homogametic (ZZ) and females are heterogametic (WZ) with respect to the sex chromosomes in many species of butterflies and moths (insect order Lepidoptera). Genes on the Z chromosome influence traits involved in larval development, environmental adaptation, and reproductive isolation. To facilitate the investigation of these traits across Lepidoptera, we developed 43 degenerate primer pairs to PCR amplify orthologs of 43 Bombyx mori Z chromosome-linked genes. Of the 34 orthologs that amplified by PCR in Ostrinia nubilalis, 6 co-segregated with the Z chromosome anchor markers kettin (ket) and lactate dehydrogenase (ldh), and produced a consensus genetic linkage map of ~89 cM in combination with 5 AFLP markers. The O. nubilalis and B. mori Z chromosomes are comparatively co-linear, although potential gene inversions alter terminal gene orders and a translocation event disrupted synteny at one chromosome end. Compared to B. mori orthologs, O. nubilalis Z chromosome-linked genes showed conservation of tissue-specific and growth-stage-specific expression, although some genes exhibited species-specific expression across developmental stages or tissues. The O. nubilalis Z chromosome linkage map provides new tools for isolating quantitative trait loci (QTL) involved in sex-linked traits that drive speciation and it exposes genome rearrangements as a possible mechanism for differential gene regulation in Lepidoptera.
对于许多蝴蝶和飞蛾物种（昆虫目鳞翅目）而言，雄性是同配性别（ZZ），雌性是异配性别（WZ），与性染色体有关。Z 染色体上的基因影响幼虫发育、环境适应和生殖隔离等性状。为了便于跨鳞翅目研究这些性状，我们开发了 43 对简并引物，以 PCR 扩增 43 个家蚕 Z 染色体连锁基因的同源物。在所扩增的 34 个 Ostrinia nubilalis 同源物中，有 6 个与 Z 染色体锚定标记 kettin (ket) 和乳酸脱氢酶 (ldh) 共分离，并与 5 个 AFLP 标记结合产生了约 89 的共识遗传连锁图谱厘米。尽管潜在的基因倒位改变了末端基因顺序，并且易位事件破坏了一个染色体末端的同线性，但 O. nubilalis 和 B. mori 的 Z 染色体相对同源。与 B. mori 同源物相比，O. nubilalis Z 染色体连锁基因表现出组织特异性和生长阶段特异性表达的保守性，尽管一些基因在发育阶段或组织中表现出物种特异性表达。O. nubilalis Z 染色体连锁图谱为分离与性别相关性状相关的数量性状基因座（QTL）提供了新工具，这些性状推动了物种形成，并揭示了基因组重排可能是鳞翅目差异基因调控的一种机制。
