Department of Psychology, Chungnam National University, Korea.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2011 Nov;101(5):1124-37. doi: 10.1037/a0023778.
This research examines the possibility that people's choices in the service of an explicit focal goal may also reflect their tendency to fulfill implicit background goals and in that sense are multifinal. We carried out 5 experimental studies to investigate this notion. In Experiment 1, a primed implicit goal affected individuals' choices even when those avowedly served an explicit "focal" goal. Experiment 2 replicated this finding with a different type of implicit goals. Experiment 3 found that primed implicit goals had no effect on choices where the options that served them undermined the explicit goal. Experiment 4 found that a primed implicit goal served by a multifinal option does not privilege it over a unifinal option if that goal had been already attained by a different means. Finally, Experiment 5, via 3 types of control groups, showed that choices were affected by both the explicit and implicit goals in isolation, and they shifted toward multifinality when these goals were conjointly present. The discussion considers the integrative potential of the multifinality framework and its implications for a variety of phenomena in the domain of motivated cognition.
这项研究考察了人们在明确焦点目标服务中的选择是否也反映了他们实现隐含背景目标的倾向，从这个意义上说，这些选择是多终的。我们进行了 5 项实验研究来验证这一观点。在实验 1 中，一个被激活的隐含目标影响了个体的选择，即使这些选择显然是为了实现一个明确的“焦点”目标。实验 2 用不同类型的隐含目标复制了这一发现。实验 3 发现，在隐含目标所服务的选项破坏了明确目标的情况下，被激活的隐含目标对选择没有影响。实验 4 发现，如果一个隐含目标已经通过其他方式实现，那么由多终选项服务的被激活的隐含目标并不会优先于单终选项。最后，实验 5 通过 3 种对照组表明，选择受到明确和隐含目标的单独影响，并且当这些目标同时存在时，选择会向多终性倾斜。讨论考虑了多终性框架的综合潜力及其对动机认知领域各种现象的影响。
