Kawada Christie L K, Oettingen Gabriele, Gollwitzer Peter M, Bargh John A
Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2004 Apr;86(4):545-59. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.86.4.545.
In 3 studies, the authors analyzed whether projection occurs for both conscious and nonconscious goals. In Experiment 1, participants who were predisposed to hold a learning goal over a performance goal rated others as possessing more of a learning goal. In Experiment 2, participants who were either implicitly primed with or explicitly assigned to have the goal to compete perceived others as striving for competitive goals more than control participants. In Experiment 3, the authors demonstrated that it was the actual goal to compete rather than the trait construct of competitiveness that was projected. The control of automatic goal projection effects is discussed, and interpersonal consequences of goal projection are delineated.
在3项研究中，作者分析了投射是否会发生在有意识和无意识目标上。在实验1中，倾向于持有学习目标而非成绩目标的参与者将他人评价为更具有学习目标。在实验2中，无论是被潜意识启动还是被明确分配了竞争目标的参与者，相比于对照组参与者，都更多地将他人视为在追求竞争目标。在实验3中，作者证明了被投射的是实际的竞争目标而非竞争特质结构。文中讨论了自动目标投射效应的控制，并阐述了目标投射的人际后果。
