Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
Sci Total Environ. 2012 Apr 1;421-422:17-30. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.04.020. Epub 2011 May 14.
The contamination of urban soils can affect the health of people living in urban areas, and the surrounding ecosystems. Urbanization in China has taken place at an unprecedented pace in the last three decades. This paper provides an overview of studies on the quality of urban soils in China with special reference to trace metal contamination. It summarizes the characteristics of accumulation, spatial and temporal distribution, and major sources of various toxic or potentially toxic trace metals in urban soils as reported in recent literature. Levels of pollution in urban soil and road dust were discussed using the concentrations, enrichment factors, pollution indexes, and chemical fractionation of trace metals in major cities of China, and compared with other countries. In future studies, more pollutants in urban environments need to be included in multi-compartmental environmental surveillance for potential risk assessments. In addition to routine urban soil surveys by a harmonized methodology, a comprehensive assessment of soil quality is needed for the control and management of many urban brownfield sites. Taking into consideration pathways of exposure and site characteristics, risk assessment frameworks for major pollutants in urban soils, which integrate land use type and environmental availability, may be developed in the future.
城市土壤的污染会影响生活在城市地区的人们和周围的生态系统的健康。过去三十年来，中国的城市化进程以前所未有的速度发展。本文概述了中国城市土壤质量的研究，特别参考了痕量金属污染。本文总结了近年来文献报道的城市土壤中各种有毒或潜在有毒痕量金属的积累特征、时空分布和主要来源。本文还讨论了用中国主要城市土壤和道路灰尘中痕量金属的浓度、富集因子、污染指数和化学形态，以及与其他国家的比较，来探讨城市土壤和道路灰尘的污染水平。在未来的研究中，需要将城市环境中的更多污染物纳入多 compartmental 环境监测中，以进行潜在风险评估。除了采用协调一致的方法进行常规城市土壤调查外，还需要对许多城市棕地进行全面的土壤质量评估，以进行控制和管理。考虑到暴露途径和场地特征，未来可能会开发出用于评估城市土壤中主要污染物的风险评估框架，这些框架将整合土地利用类型和环境可利用性。
