Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo 315830, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Feb 9;20(4):3077. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20043077.
Heavy metal pollution in urban soil continues to be a global issue that poses a serious hazard to invertebrates and human lives through oral ingestion and inhalation of soil particles. Though the toxicity of several heavy metals on invertebrates like Collembola has been studied, lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) have been extensively studied due to their high toxicity to collembolans. As a ubiquitous soil organism all over the world, collembolans have been used as a model species to study the effects of heavy metals on invertebrate communities. To reduce the effects of heavy metals on ecosystem functions, biotic and abiotic measures have been used for heavy metal remediation; biochar seems to be the most effective approach that not only increases the physical absorption of heavy metals but also indirectly benefits soil organisms. In this study, we briefly reviewed the application of biochar in Pb and Cd polluted soil and showed its potential in soil remediation. Furthermore, we outlined the potentially toxic effects of Pb- and Cd-polluted urban soil on the collembolan species. We searched peer-reviewed publications that investigated: (1) the level of Pb and Cd contamination on urban soil in different cities around the world; and (2) the different sources of Pb and Cd as well as factors influencing their toxicity to collembolan communities. The obtained information offers new perspectives on the interactions and effects between collembolans, Pb, and Cd, and their remediation in urban soils.
重金属污染在城市土壤中持续存在，是一个全球性的问题，通过摄入和吸入土壤颗粒，对无脊椎动物和人类生命构成严重危害。尽管已经研究了几种重金属对无脊椎动物（如弹尾目）的毒性，但由于铅（Pb）和镉（Cd）对弹尾目具有很高的毒性，因此它们被广泛研究。作为一种在世界各地普遍存在的土壤生物，弹尾目被用作研究重金属对无脊椎动物群落影响的模式生物。为了减少重金属对生态系统功能的影响，已经采用了生物和非生物措施来进行重金属修复；生物炭似乎是最有效的方法，它不仅增加了重金属的物理吸收，而且还间接地有益于土壤生物。在本研究中，我们简要回顾了生物炭在 Pb 和 Cd 污染土壤中的应用，并展示了其在土壤修复中的潜力。此外，我们概述了 Pb 和 Cd 污染城市土壤对弹尾目物种的潜在毒性影响。我们搜索了同行评议的出版物，这些出版物调查了：（1）世界不同城市的城市土壤中 Pb 和 Cd 的污染水平；（2）Pb 和 Cd 的不同来源以及影响它们对弹尾目群落毒性的因素。所获得的信息为弹尾目、Pb 和 Cd 之间的相互作用和影响及其在城市土壤中的修复提供了新的视角。
