School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Jan 25;20(3):2177. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20032177.
To understand contamination characteristics and identify sources of heavy metals in soil affected by complex mine activities, a detailed survey of soil heavy metals from different land cover types was investigated around the Xikuangshan (XKS) antimony mine in south-central China. Soil samples had average concentrations of Sb, As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Pb, Cu, Zn and Ni exceeding their background level in the Hunan province. Sb, As and Cd were the main pollutants. A total of 86.8% of samples were severely polluted, characterized by the Nemerow's comprehensive index, and 68.4% of samples were of very high potential ecological risk, primarily contributed by Sb, Cd and Hg. Among different land cover patterns, Hg, Pb and Cd concentrations showed a statistically significant difference. The application of Pearson correlation, principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) combined with spatial interpolation GIS mapping revealed that Ni, Cr and Cu were mainly from natural parent materials, whereas other heavy metals were related to anthropogenic sources. Pb, As and Hg were mainly derived from smelting processes of sulfide minerals in the XKS area. The agricultural practice is the main factor for the accumulation of Cd and Zn, and sphalerite smelting also contributed to high Zn concentrations. Particularly, spatial variation of soil Sb concentrations was affected by multiple factors of complex antimony mine activities related to mining, beneficiation and smelting in the XKS area. These results are useful for the prevention and reduction of heavy metal contamination in soils by various effective measures in typical regions affected by antimony mine activities.
为了了解受复杂矿山活动影响的土壤中重金属的污染特征和来源，对中国中南部锡矿山锑矿周边不同土地覆盖类型的土壤重金属进行了详细调查。土壤样本中 Sb、As、Cd、Cr、Hg、Pb、Cu、Zn 和 Ni 的平均浓度超过了湖南省的背景水平。其中 Sb、As 和 Cd 是主要污染物。根据内梅罗综合指数，共有 86.8%的样本属于重度污染，68.4%的样本具有很高的潜在生态风险，主要由 Sb、Cd 和 Hg 造成。在不同的土地覆盖模式中，Hg、Pb 和 Cd 的浓度存在显著差异。运用 Pearson 相关分析、主成分分析（PCA）和层次聚类分析（HCA），结合 GIS 空间插值制图，结果表明 Ni、Cr 和 Cu 主要来源于自然母质，而其他重金属则与人为源有关。Pb、As 和 Hg 主要来源于 XKS 地区硫化物矿的冶炼过程。农业实践是 Cd 和 Zn 积累的主要因素，闪锌矿冶炼也导致了 Zn 浓度的升高。特别是，土壤 Sb 浓度的空间变化受到与 XKS 地区采矿、选矿和冶炼等复杂锑矿活动相关的多种因素的影响。这些结果有助于在典型的受锑矿活动影响的地区采取各种有效措施，预防和减少土壤中重金属的污染。
