Department of Psychology, Washington University, Campus Box 1125, St. Louis, MO 63130-4899, USA.
Mem Cognit. 2011 Oct;39(7):1162-73. doi: 10.3758/s13421-011-0097-9.
We apply the item-order theory of list composition effects in free recall to the orthographic distinctiveness effect. The item-order account assumes that orthographically distinct items advantage item-specific encoding in both mixed and pure lists, but at the expense of exploiting relational information present in the list. Experiment 1 replicated the typical free recall advantage of orthographically distinct items in mixed lists and the elimination of that advantage in pure lists. Supporting the item-order account, recognition performances indicated that orthographically distinct items received greater item-specific encoding than did orthographically common items in mixed and pure lists (Experiments 1 and 2). Furthermore, order memory (input-output correspondence and sequential contiguity effects) was evident in recall of pure unstructured common lists, but not in recall of unstructured distinct lists (Experiment 1). These combined patterns, although not anticipated by prevailing views, are consistent with an item-order account.
我们将项目排序理论应用于列表组合效应中的自由回忆，来研究正字法独特性效应。项目排序假设在混合列表和纯列表中，正字法独特的项目有利于项目特定的编码，但代价是利用列表中存在的关系信息。实验 1 复制了混合列表中正字法独特项目的典型自由回忆优势，以及在纯列表中消除该优势的情况。支持项目排序假设，识别表现表明在混合列表和纯列表中，正字法独特的项目比正字法常见的项目获得了更大的项目特定编码（实验 1 和 2）。此外，在纯无结构常见列表的回忆中，出现了顺序记忆（输入-输出对应和顺序连续性效应），但在无结构独特列表的回忆中则没有（实验 1）。这些综合模式虽然不符合流行观点的预期，但与项目排序假设一致。
