Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Allianz, Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
Traffic. 2011 Sep;12(9):1109-18. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2011.01219.x. Epub 2011 Jun 13.
Regulated intramembrane proteolysis is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism by which membrane-anchored bioactive molecules are released from cellular membranes. In eukaryotic cells, intramembrane proteases are found in different cellular organelles ranging from the endosomal system to mitochondria and chloroplasts. These proteases function in diverse processes such as transcription control, regulated growth factor secretion and recently even a role in the control of mitophagy has been suggested. Genomic annotation has predicted 13 different intramembrane proteases in humans. Apart from few studied examples, very little is known about their function. This review describes emerging principles of how intramembrane proteases contribute to the regulation of cellular protein trafficking in eukaryotic cells and raises the important question of how their activity is controlled.
受调控的膜内蛋白水解作用是一种进化上保守的机制，通过该机制，膜锚定的生物活性分子从细胞膜上释放出来。在真核细胞中，膜内蛋白酶存在于不同的细胞器中，从内体系统到线粒体和叶绿体。这些蛋白酶在多种过程中发挥作用，如转录控制、受调控的生长因子分泌，最近甚至有研究表明它们在调控线粒体自噬中发挥作用。基因组注释预测人类中有 13 种不同的膜内蛋白酶。除了少数研究过的例子外，我们对它们的功能知之甚少。这篇综述描述了膜内蛋白酶如何有助于真核细胞中细胞蛋白运输的调节的新原则，并提出了一个重要的问题，即它们的活性是如何被控制的。
