Hogervorst T, Bouma H, de Boer S F, de Vos J
Haga Hospital, Sportlaan 600, 2566MJ The Hague, The Netherlands.
J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2011 Jun;93(6):769-76. doi: 10.1302/0301-620X.93B6.25149.
We examined the morphology of mammalian hips asking whether evolution can explain the morphology of impingement in human hips. We describe two stereotypical mammalian hips, coxa recta and coxa rotunda. Coxa recta is characterised by a straight or aspherical section on the femoral head or head-neck junction. It is a sturdy hip seen mostly in runners and jumpers. Coxa rotunda has a round femoral head with ample head-neck offset, and is seen mostly in climbers and swimmers. Hominid evolution offers an explanation for the variants in hip morphology associated with impingement. The evolutionary conflict between upright gait and the birth of a large-brained fetus is expressed in the female pelvis and hip, and can explain pincer impingement in a coxa profunda. In the male hip, evolution can explain cam impingement in coxa recta as an adaptation for running.
我们研究了哺乳动物髋关节的形态，探讨进化是否能解释人类髋关节撞击的形态。我们描述了两种典型的哺乳动物髋关节，即直髋和圆髋。直髋的特征是股骨头或头颈交界处呈直形或非球形截面。它是一种结实的髋关节，多见于跑步者和跳跃者。圆髋有一个圆形的股骨头，头颈偏移充足，多见于攀爬者和游泳者。人类进化为与撞击相关的髋关节形态变异提供了解释。直立步态与大脑袋胎儿出生之间的进化冲突在女性骨盆和髋关节中表现出来，并且可以解释髋臼过深导致的钳夹撞击。在男性髋关节中，进化可以解释直髋中的凸轮撞击是一种对跑步的适应。
