Mayr Susanne, Buchner Axel, Möller Malte, Hauke Robert
Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Atten Percept Psychophys. 2011 Aug;73(6):1710-32. doi: 10.3758/s13414-011-0138-2.
Two experiments are reported with identical auditory stimulation in three-dimensional space but with different instructions. Participants localized a cued sound (Experiment 1) or identified a sound at a cued location (Experiment 2). A distractor sound at another location had to be ignored. The prime distractor and the probe target sound were manipulated with respect to sound identity (repeated vs. changed) and location (repeated vs. changed). The localization task revealed a symmetric pattern of partial repetition costs: Participants were impaired on trials with identity-location mismatches between the prime distractor and probe target-that is, when either the sound was repeated but not the location or vice versa. The identification task revealed an asymmetric pattern of partial repetition costs: Responding was slowed down when the prime distractor sound was repeated as the probe target, but at another location; identity changes at the same location were not impaired. Additionally, there was evidence of retrieval of incompatible prime responses in the identification task. It is concluded that feature binding of auditory prime distractor information takes place regardless of whether the task is to identify or locate a sound. Instructions determine the kind of identity-location mismatch that is detected. Identity information predominates over location information in auditory memory.
本文报告了两项实验，实验中在三维空间里给予相同的听觉刺激，但指令不同。参与者要定位一个提示音（实验1）或识别提示位置处的声音（实验2）。必须忽略另一个位置的干扰音。主要干扰音和探测目标音在声音特性（重复与改变）和位置（重复与改变）方面进行了操控。定位任务揭示了部分重复代价的对称模式：当主要干扰音和探测目标音在声音特性与位置上不匹配时，即要么声音重复但位置不同，要么位置重复但声音不同时，参与者在这些试验中的表现会受到损害。识别任务揭示了部分重复代价的不对称模式：当主要干扰音作为探测目标音重复出现但位置不同时，反应会变慢；而在同一位置声音特性改变时，反应并未受到损害。此外，在识别任务中还有证据表明存在不相容主要反应的提取。研究得出结论，无论任务是识别还是定位声音，听觉主要干扰音信息的特征绑定都会发生。指令决定了所检测到的声音特性与位置不匹配的类型。在听觉记忆中，声音特性信息比位置信息占主导地位。
