Centre for Substances and Integral Risk Assessment, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, BA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
J Agric Food Chem. 2011 Jul 13;59(13):7496-505. doi: 10.1021/jf104943p. Epub 2011 Jun 10.
This study presents concentrations of perfluorinated compounds in food and the dietary intake of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) in The Netherlands. The concentrations of perfluorinated compounds in food were analyzed in pooled samples of foodstuffs randomly purchased in several Dutch retail store chains with nation-wide coverage. The concentrations analyzed for PFOS and PFOA were used to assess the exposure to these compounds in The Netherlands. As concentrations in drinking water in The Netherlands were missing for these compounds, conservative default concentrations of 7 pg/g for PFOS and 9 pg/g for PFOA, as reported by European Food Safety Authority, were used in the exposure assessment. In food, 6 out of 14 analyzed perfluorinated compounds could be quantified in the majority of the food categories (perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA), PFOA, perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), perfluoro-1-hexanesulfonate (PFHxS), and PFOS). The highest concentration of the sum of these six compounds was found in crustaceans (825 pg/g product, PFOS: 582 pg/g product) and in lean fish (481 pg/g product, PFOS: 308 pg/g product). Lower concentrations were found in beef, fatty fish, flour, butter, eggs, and cheese (concentrations between 20 and 100 pg/g product; PFOS, 29-82 pg/g product) and milk, pork, bakery products, chicken, vegetable, and industrial oils (concentration lower than 10 pg/g product; PFOS not detected). The median long-term intake for PFOS was 0.3 ng/kg bw/day and for PFOA 0.2 ng/kg bw/day. The corresponding high level intakes (99th percentile) were 0.6 and 0.5 ng/kg bw/day, respectively. These intakes were well below the tolerable daily intake values of both compounds (PFOS, 150 ng/kg bw/day; PFOA, 1500 ng/kg bw/day). The intake calculations quantified the contribution of drinking water to the PFOS and PFOA intake in The Netherlands. Important contributors of PFOA intake were vegetables/fruit and flour. Milk, beef, and lean fish were important contributors of PFOS intake.
本研究报告了荷兰食品中全氟化合物的浓度以及全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）和全氟辛酸（PFOA）的饮食摄入量。对在几家荷兰零售连锁店购买的具有全国代表性的食品进行了全氟化合物的混合样本分析。分析了 PFOS 和 PFOA 的浓度，以评估这些化合物在荷兰的暴露情况。由于荷兰饮用水中缺乏这些化合物的浓度，因此在暴露评估中使用了欧洲食品安全局报告的 7 pg/g 作为 PFOS 和 9 pg/g 作为 PFOA 的保守默认浓度。在食品中，在所分析的 14 种全氟化合物中，有 6 种可以在大多数食品类别中进行定量（全氟庚酸（PFHpA）、PFOA、全氟壬酸（PFNA）、全氟癸酸（PFDA）、全氟-1-己烷磺酸盐（PFHxS）和 PFOS）。这六种化合物之和的最高浓度出现在甲壳类动物（825 pg/g 产品，PFOS：582 pg/g 产品）和瘦鱼（481 pg/g 产品，PFOS：308 pg/g 产品）中。在牛肉、高脂肪鱼、面粉、黄油、鸡蛋和奶酪中浓度较低（浓度在 20 至 100 pg/g 产品之间；PFOS，29-82 pg/g 产品）以及牛奶、猪肉、烘焙产品、鸡肉、蔬菜和工业油（浓度低于 10 pg/g 产品；未检测到 PFOS）。PFOS 的长期摄入量中位数为 0.3 ng/kg bw/day，PFOA 为 0.2 ng/kg bw/day。相应的高水平摄入量（第 99 百分位）分别为 0.6 和 0.5 ng/kg bw/day。这些摄入量远低于这两种化合物的可耐受日摄入量值（PFOS，150 ng/kg bw/day；PFOA，1500 ng/kg bw/day）。摄入量计算量化了饮用水对荷兰 PFOS 和 PFOA 摄入量的贡献。PFOA 摄入量的重要来源是蔬菜/水果和面粉。牛奶、牛肉和瘦鱼是 PFOS 摄入量的重要来源。
