Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
J Proteome Res. 2011 Aug 5;10(8):3590-603. doi: 10.1021/pr200243t. Epub 2011 Jun 29.
The interaction between the gut microbiota and their mammalian host is known to have far-reaching consequences with respect to metabolism and health. We investigated the effects of eight days of oral antibiotic exposure (penicillin and streptomycin sulfate) on gut microbial composition and host metabolic phenotype in male Han-Wistar rats (n = 6) compared to matched controls. Early recolonization was assessed in a third group exposed to antibiotics for four days followed by four days recovery (n = 6). Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of the intestinal contents collected at eight days showed a significant reduction in all bacterial groups measured (control, 10(10.7) cells/g feces; antibiotic-treated, 10(8.4)). Bacterial suppression reduced the excretion of mammalian-microbial urinary cometabolites including hippurate, phenylpropionic acid, phenylacetylglycine and indoxyl-sulfate whereas taurine, glycine, citrate, 2-oxoglutarate, and fumarate excretion was elevated. While total bacterial counts remained notably lower in the recolonized animals (10(9.1) cells/g faeces) compared to the controls, two cage-dependent subgroups emerged with Lactobacillus/Enterococcus probe counts dominant in one subgroup. This dichotomous profile manifested in the metabolic phenotypes with subgroup differences in tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites and indoxyl-sulfate excretion. Fecal short chain fatty acids were diminished in all treated animals. Antibiotic treatment induced a profound effect on the microbiome structure, which was reflected in the metabotype. Moreover, the recolonization process was sensitive to the microenvironment, which may impact on understanding downstream consequences of antibiotic consumption in human populations.
肠道微生物群与其哺乳动物宿主之间的相互作用，对代谢和健康有着深远的影响。我们研究了 8 天口服抗生素暴露（青霉素和硫酸链霉素）对雄性 Han-Wistar 大鼠肠道微生物组成和宿主代谢表型的影响，并与匹配的对照组进行了比较。在第三组中，我们评估了抗生素暴露 4 天然后恢复 4 天的早期再定植情况（n = 6）。在第 8 天收集的肠道内容物的荧光原位杂交分析表明，所有测量的细菌群都显著减少（对照组为 10(10.7)细胞/g 粪便；抗生素处理组为 10(8.4)细胞/g 粪便）。细菌抑制减少了哺乳动物微生物尿共代谢物的排泄，包括马尿酸、苯丙酸、苯乙酰甘氨酸和吲哚硫酸酯，而牛磺酸、甘氨酸、柠檬酸、2-酮戊二酸和延胡索酸的排泄增加。虽然再定植动物的总细菌计数明显低于对照组（10(9.1)细胞/g 粪便），但出现了两个依赖于笼子的亚组，其中一个亚组以乳杆菌/肠球菌探针计数为主。这种二分法表型在代谢表型中表现出来，表现在三羧酸循环代谢物和吲哚硫酸酯排泄方面的亚组差异。所有接受治疗的动物粪便中的短链脂肪酸都减少了。抗生素治疗对微生物组结构产生了深远的影响，这反映在代谢表型中。此外，再定植过程对微环境敏感，这可能会影响到对人类抗生素消费的下游后果的理解。
