Sodium affinity of brain Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase is dependent on isozyme and environment of the pump.

The sodium affinities for the two forms of the Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase in brain were characterized. To mimic physiological conditions, synaptosomes, which are pinched off presynaptic nerve termini, were used. Examination of the pump in vitro was performed by preparing synaptic plasma membranes (SPMs). It was first shown that synaptosomes contain the two forms of the Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase, alpha 1 and alpha 2, and that these forms have markedly different affinities for the inhibitory cardiac glycoside ouabain. The apparent dissociation constant (K0.5) of alpha 1 for sodium changed from 12 to 9 mM when going from synaptosomes to membranes. For alpha 2, however, a shift from 36 to 12.5 mM was evident. The conclusion is that in vivo alpha 2 exists as a low sodium affinity species but can be altered to a high-affinity form simply by vesicle disruption. By comparison, the Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase from the mouse fibroblast cell line, 3T3-F442A cells, expressed only the alpha 1-isozyme, as shown by immunoblotting and by measurement of its ouabain and sodium affinities. The physiological relevance of these observations is also presented.