Littoral Environnement et Sociétés, UMR 6250, CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, F-17042 La Rochelle Cedex 01, France.
Environ Pollut. 2011 Oct;159(10):2921-8. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2011.04.035. Epub 2011 May 17.
Dispersant use in nearshore areas is likely to increase the exposure of aquatic organisms to petroleum. To measure the toxicity of this controversial response technique, golden grey mullets (Liza aurata) were exposed to mechanically dispersed oil, chemically dispersed oil, dispersant alone in seawater, water-soluble fraction of oil and to seawater as a control treatment. Several biomarkers were assessed in the gills (enzymatic antioxidant activities, glutathione content, lipid peroxidation) and in the gallbladder (polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons metabolites). The significant differences between chemically dispersed oil and water soluble fraction of oil highlight the environmental risk to disperse an oil slick when containment and recovery can be conducted. The lack of significance between chemically and mechanically dispersed oil suggests that dispersant application is no more toxic than the natural dispersion of the oil slick. The results of this study are of interest in order to establish dispersant use policies in nearshore areas.
在近岸地区使用分散剂可能会增加水生生物接触石油的机会。为了衡量这种有争议的应对技术的毒性，我们将金黄色棱鳀暴露于机械分散的油、化学分散的油、分散剂单独在海水中、油的水溶性部分以及海水（对照处理）中。在鳃（酶抗氧化活性、谷胱甘肽含量、脂质过氧化）和胆囊（多环芳烃代谢物）中评估了几种生物标志物。化学分散的油和油的水溶性部分之间的显著差异突出了在可以进行遏制和回收时分散浮油的环境风险。化学分散和机械分散的油之间没有显著差异表明，与浮油的自然分散相比，分散剂的应用并没有更大的毒性。这项研究的结果对于制定近岸地区的分散剂使用政策具有重要意义。
