Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
Curr Opin Biotechnol. 2011 Aug;22(4):547-51. doi: 10.1016/j.copbio.2011.04.017. Epub 2011 May 16.
Genome-wide mutagenesis studies indicate that up to about 90% of genes in bacteria and 80% in eukaryotes can be inactivated individually leaving an organism viable, often seemingly unaffected. Several strategies are used to learn what these apparently dispensable genes contribute to fitness. Assays of growth under hundreds of physical and chemical stresses are among the most effective experimental approaches. Comparative studies of genomic DNA sequences continue to be valuable in discriminating between the core bacterial genome and the more variable niche-specific genes. The concept of the core genome appears currently unfeasible for eukaryotes but progress has been made in understanding why they contain numerous gene duplicates.
全基因组诱变研究表明，在细菌中多达约 90%的基因和真核生物中 80%的基因可以单独失活而不影响生物体的存活，通常看起来没有受到影响。有几种策略可用于了解这些看似可有可无的基因对适应性的贡献。在数百种物理和化学胁迫下进行的生长测定是最有效的实验方法之一。对基因组 DNA 序列的比较研究继续有助于区分核心细菌基因组和更具可变性的特定生态位基因。核心基因组的概念目前对真核生物来说似乎不可行，但在理解为什么它们包含大量基因重复方面已经取得了进展。
