吸烟对牙种植体存留率的影响：一项针对1727例患者的5年实用多中心回顾性队列研究。

The influence of smoking on the survival of dental implants: a 5-year pragmatic multicentre retrospective cohort study of 1727 patients.

作者信息

Cavalcanti Raffaele, Oreglia Francesco, Manfredonia Massimo Francesco, Gianserra Rodolfo, Esposito Marco

出版信息

Eur J Oral Implantol. 2011 Spring;4(1):39-45.

Abstract

PURPOSE

To evaluate the influence of cigarette smoking on the survival of dental implants with a retrospective observational study of 5 years.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A total of 1727 consecutively treated patients at four private practices were divided into non-smokers (NS group, 1178 patients) and smokers (S group; 549 patients) according to what they declared prior to implant placement. Non-smokers received 4460 implants and 2583 implant-supported prostheses, whereas smokers received 2260 implants and 1292 implant supported prostheses. Various implant systems and procedures were used. Outcome measures were prosthesis and implant survival.

RESULTS

Over the 5 years after loading, 159 (17%) non-smokers and 91 (13%) smokers were lost to follow-up; 20 (0.9%) prostheses could not be placed or failed in 15 non-smokers and 12 prostheses (1.2%) could not be placed or failed in 12 smokers. One hundred and twelve (2.9%) implants failed in 105 non-smokers and 107 (5.5%) implants failed in 75 smokers. Most of the implant failures (90%) occurred before implant loading. Fitting a logistic regression for early implant failures and total implant failures, taking into account the clustering of implants in patients, there were no statistically significant differences for prosthesis failures (P value not calculated as too few failures) and early implant failures between the two groups (P = 0.13). However, when considering all implant failures up to 5 years after loading, significantly more failures (5.5%) occurred in smokers compared with non-smokers (2.9%) (OR 1.72; 95% CI 1.20 to 2.50; P = 0.003).

CONCLUSIONS

Due to the retrospective nature of this study, conclusions have to be interpreted with caution. Five years after loading, smokers experienced almost twice as many implant failures compared with non-smokers. Non-statistically significant trends in favour of non-smokers were observed for early implant failures and prosthesis failures.

摘要

目的

通过一项为期5年的回顾性观察研究，评估吸烟对牙种植体存留率的影响。

材料与方法

对四家私人诊所连续治疗的1727例患者，根据种植体植入前自述情况分为非吸烟者（非吸烟组，1178例患者）和吸烟者（吸烟组，549例患者）。非吸烟者植入4460颗种植体，制作2583件种植体支持式修复体；吸烟者植入2260颗种植体，制作1292件种植体支持式修复体。采用了多种种植系统和手术方法。观察指标为修复体和种植体的存留情况。

结果

在负载后的5年中，159例（17%）非吸烟者和91例（13%）吸烟者失访；15例非吸烟者中有20件（0.9%）修复体无法安置或失败，12例吸烟者中有12件（1.2%）修复体无法安置或失败。105例非吸烟者中有112颗（2.9%）种植体失败，75例吸烟者中有107颗（5.5%）种植体失败。大多数种植体失败（90%）发生在种植体负载前。对早期种植体失败和总种植体失败进行逻辑回归分析，并考虑到患者种植体的聚集情况，两组修复体失败（因失败例数过少未计算P值）和早期种植体失败之间无统计学显著差异（P = 0.13）。然而，在考虑负载后5年内所有种植体失败情况时，吸烟者的失败率（5.5%）显著高于非吸烟者（2.9%）（比值比1.72；95%可信区间1.20至2.50；P = 0.003）。