Laboratoire de Bioénergétique Fondamentale et Appliquée, Inserm U1055, Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble, France.
Cytometry A. 2011 Jun;79(6):405-25. doi: 10.1002/cyto.a.21061.
Mitochondria are most important organelles in the survival of eukaryotic aerobic cells because they are the primary producers of ATP, regulators of ion homeostasis or redox state, and producers of free radicals. The key role of mitochondria in the generation of primordial ATP for the survival and proliferation of eukaryotic cells has been proven by extensive biochemical studies. In this context, it is crucial to understand the complexity of the mitochondrial compartment and its functionality and to develop experimental tools allowing the assessment of its nature and its function and metabolism. This review covers the role of the mitochondria in the cell, focusing on its structure, the mechanism of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, the maintenance of the transmembrane potential and the production of reactive oxygen species. The main probes used for mitochondrial compartment monitoring are described. In addition, various applications using mitochondrial-specific probes are detailed to illustrate the potential of flow and image cytometry in the study of the mitochondrial compartment. This review contains a panel of tools to explore mitochondria and to help researchers design experiments, determine the approach to be employed, and interpret their results.
线粒体是真核需氧细胞生存的最重要的细胞器，因为它们是 ATP 的主要生产者、离子动态平衡或氧化还原状态的调节剂以及自由基的生产者。大量的生化研究已经证明，线粒体在为真核细胞的生存和增殖生成原始 ATP 方面起着关键作用。在这种情况下，理解线粒体区室的复杂性及其功能，并开发能够评估其性质、功能和代谢的实验工具至关重要。本综述涵盖了线粒体在细胞中的作用，重点介绍了其结构、线粒体呼吸链的机制、跨膜电位的维持和活性氧的产生。描述了用于监测线粒体区室的主要探针。此外，详细介绍了各种使用线粒体特异性探针的应用，以说明流式细胞术和图像细胞术在研究线粒体区室方面的潜力。本综述包含了一组探索线粒体的工具，以帮助研究人员设计实验、确定要采用的方法并解释他们的结果。
