Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
Dis Esophagus. 2012 May;25(4):299-304. doi: 10.1111/j.1442-2050.2011.01210.x. Epub 2011 May 19.
The oropharyngeal swallow involves a rapid, highly coordinated set of neuromuscular actions beginning with lip closure and terminating with opening of the upper esophageal sphincter. Evaluation of the oropharyngeal swallow usually involves the use of a modified barium swallow radiographic study with the goals of (i) defining the patient's swallow anatomy and physiology causing the dysphagia; and (ii) evaluating the immediate effectiveness of treatment procedures including selected postures, sensory enhancement, swallow maneuvers, and diet changes. Exercise programs may be helpful, but their immediate effects cannot be examined during the initial modified barium swallow. Exercise programs can be evaluated on a second radiographic study 3-4 weeks later. The resultant report should include all of this information. The speech-language pathologist is usually the professional most involved in the evaluation and treatment. Medications and surgery have a very limited role in the treatment of oropharyngeal dysphagia.
口咽吞咽涉及一组快速且高度协调的神经肌肉动作，始于嘴唇闭合，止于食管上括约肌开放。口咽吞咽的评估通常涉及使用改良钡吞咽放射学研究，其目的是：(i) 定义导致吞咽困难的患者的吞咽解剖结构和生理学；以及 (ii) 评估治疗程序的即时效果，包括选择的姿势、感觉增强、吞咽动作和饮食改变。运动方案可能会有所帮助，但在最初的改良钡吞咽期间无法检查其即时效果。可以在 3-4 周后的第二次放射学研究中评估运动方案。最终报告应包括所有这些信息。言语治疗师通常是最参与评估和治疗的专业人员。药物和手术在口咽吞咽困难的治疗中作用非常有限。
