Grupo de investigación "Edafología ambiental," Departamento de Cristalografía, Mineralogía y Química Agrícola, E.T.S.I.A. Universidad de Sevilla, Crta de Utrera km. 1, 41013 Seville, Spain.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2011 Sep;74(6):1708-14. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.04.016. Epub 2011 May 18.
We studied in the laboratory the effect of Prochloraz fungicide on the biological properties (soil enzymatic activities and soil bacterial communities) of a Plaggic Anthrosol. Five hundred grams of soil (<2mm) was mixed with three dosages of Prochloraz (1, 2, and 4 l ha(-1)) for 83 days. A non-Prochloraz polluted soil was used as control. Following commercial recommendations, fungicide was applied four times during the incubation experiment. For all treatments, the soil ergosterol and levels of dehydrogenase, urease, β-glucosidase, and phosphatase activity were measured at nine different times (0, 1, 21, 22, 41, 42, 62, 63, and 83 days). The 16S rDNA-DGGE profiles in all treatments were determined at the beginning and end of the incubation period. At the end of the experiment, a significant decrease in ergosterol by 72.3%, 80.8%, and 83.1%, compared with control soil, was observed when 1, 2, and 4 l ha(-1), respectively, was added. Soil enzymatic activities increased when the Prochloraz applied to the soil increased, possibly because the fungicide is used by bacterial communities as a source of energy and nutrients. The 16S rDNA-DGGE profiles indicated that the fungicide did not negatively affect soil bacterial biodiversity. These results suggested that the fungicide Prochloraz has a very interesting agronomic effect, possibly due to the negative effect on soil fungal population stimulating the growth of soil bacterial activity.
我们在实验室研究了百菌清杀菌剂对 Plaggic Anthrosol 土壤生物学特性（土壤酶活性和土壤细菌群落）的影响。将 500 克（<2mm）土壤与三种百菌清剂量（1、2 和 4 l ha(-1))混合 83 天。使用未受百菌清污染的土壤作为对照。按照商业建议，在孵育实验期间四次施用杀菌剂。对于所有处理，在九个不同时间（0、1、21、22、41、42、62、63 和 83 天）测量土壤麦角固醇和脱氢酶、脲酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶和磷酸酶活性水平。在孵育期开始和结束时，确定所有处理的 16S rDNA-DGGE 图谱。实验结束时，与对照土壤相比，添加 1、2 和 4 l ha(-1)时，麦角固醇分别下降了 72.3%、80.8%和 83.1%。当向土壤中添加百菌清时，土壤酶活性增加，这可能是因为杀菌剂被细菌群落用作能源和营养物质的来源。16S rDNA-DGGE 图谱表明，杀菌剂对土壤细菌生物多样性没有负面影响。这些结果表明，杀菌剂百菌清具有非常有趣的农业效应，可能是由于对土壤真菌种群的负面影响刺激了土壤细菌活性的生长。
