Health Services Research, City University, London, UK.
Eye (Lond). 2011 Aug;25(8):1039-44. doi: 10.1038/eye.2011.116. Epub 2011 May 20.
This study aimed to determine the psychosocial and appearance-related concerns of a sample of ophthalmic patients by measuring a range of psychological, social, and demographic factors.
Standardized psychological measures including anxiety, depression, appearance-related distress, self-discrepancy, appearance salience and valence were administered to 98 participants attending ophthalmic outpatient clinics in either London, Bristol, Sheffield or Bradford. Differences between groups were explored using t-tests and ANOVA, relationships between all variables were investigated using Pearson's correlation coefficient.
Although mean scores for psychological adjustment were within the normal range, some participants were experiencing considerable levels of generalized anxiety. Being older, male, and married or living with a partner was related to significantly better adjustment. Better adjustment was also related to a less visible area of concern, greater disguisability of the affected area, a more positive evaluation of their own appearance, less engagement in comparing themselves with others, greater feelings of being accepted by others, appearance being less important to their self-concept, and a smaller discrepancy between the persons ideal and actual appearance.
A majority of ophthalmic patients adjust positively to the demands placed on them. By identifying the variables that are associated with successful adaptation, the specific psychological interventions and appropriate systems of support can be put in place to help those who are adversely affected.
本研究旨在通过测量一系列心理、社会和人口统计学因素，确定眼科患者样本的心理社会和外貌相关问题。
对在伦敦、布里斯托尔、谢菲尔德或布拉德福德的眼科门诊就诊的 98 名参与者进行了包括焦虑、抑郁、外貌相关困扰、自我差异、外貌显著性和效价在内的标准化心理测量。使用 t 检验和方差分析探讨了组间差异，使用 Pearson 相关系数研究了所有变量之间的关系。
尽管心理调整的平均得分在正常范围内，但一些参与者仍经历着相当程度的广泛性焦虑。年龄较大、男性、已婚或与伴侣生活在一起与更好的调整显著相关。更好的调整也与关注区域的可见度较低、受影响区域的可掩饰性较高、对自己外貌的评价更积极、与他人比较的意愿较低、更多的被他人接受的感觉、外貌对自我概念的重要性较低以及理想和实际外貌之间的差异较小有关。
大多数眼科患者能积极应对对他们的要求。通过确定与成功适应相关的变量，可以提供特定的心理干预措施和适当的支持系统，以帮助那些受到不利影响的人。
