Kennard Christopher
Department of Clinical Neurology, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK.
Handb Clin Neurol. 2011;102:379-402. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-52903-9.00020-0.
The neural centers in the cerebral hemispheres, both cortex and basal ganglia, involved in the generation of saccadic and smooth pursuit eye movements have been well delineated in terms of their location and function. For the generation of saccades these include the frontal eye fields, the supplementary eye field, and the intraparietal sulcus, and in the basal ganglia the caudate nucleus and the substantia nigra, pars compacta. The generation of pursuit eye movements involves the middle temporal (area V5) and medial superior temporal areas and the frontal eye field. These centers and their connections are disturbed not only in acute and chronic lesions such as cerebral infarction, but also in a wide variety of neurodegenerative diseases. In certain of these conditions, such as patients with cortical dementias and basal ganglia disorders, correct interpretation of the resulting eye movement abnormalities can contribute to differentiating between a range of differential diagnoses.
大脑半球中的神经中枢，包括皮质和基底神经节，参与扫视和平稳跟踪眼球运动的产生，其位置和功能已得到明确界定。对于扫视的产生，这些神经中枢包括额叶眼区、辅助眼区和顶内沟，在基底神经节中则包括尾状核和黑质致密部。跟踪眼球运动的产生涉及颞中区（V5区）、颞上内侧区和额叶眼区。这些神经中枢及其连接不仅在急性和慢性病变（如脑梗死）中会受到干扰，在多种神经退行性疾病中也会受到影响。在某些情况下，如患有皮质性痴呆和基底神经节疾病的患者，正确解读由此产生的眼球运动异常有助于区分一系列鉴别诊断。
