Iberoamerican Cochrane Network, Barcelona, Spain, Departament of Pediatrics, Universidad del Cauca, Popayán, Colombia.
Prev Med. 2011 Jul-Aug;53(1-2):3-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2011.04.016. Epub 2011 May 11.
The consumption of fruits and vegetables (FV) may contribute to the prevention of many diseases. However, children at school age do not eat an enough amount of those foods. We have systematically reviewed the literature to assess the effectiveness of school interventions for promoting the consumption of FV.
We performed a search in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and CENTRAL. We pooled results and stratified the analysis according to type of intervention and study design.
Nineteen cluster studies were included. Most studies did not describe randomization method and did not take the cluster's effect into account. Pooled results of two randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of computer-based interventions showed effectiveness in improving consumption of FV [Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) 0.33 (95% CI 0.16, 0.50)]. No significant differences were found in pooled analysis of seven RCTs of multicomponent interventions or pooling results of two RCTs evaluating free/subsidized FV interventions.
Meta-analysis shows that computer-based interventions were effective in increasing FV consumption. Multicomponent interventions and free/subsidized FV interventions were not effective. Improvements in methodology are needed in future cluster studies. Although these results are preliminary, computer-based interventions could be considered in schools, given that they are effective and cheaper than other alternatives.
水果和蔬菜（FV）的消费可能有助于预防许多疾病。然而，学龄儿童并没有食用足够数量的这些食物。我们系统地回顾了文献，以评估促进 FV 消费的学校干预措施的有效性。
我们在 MEDLINE、EMBASE、CINAHL 和 CENTRAL 中进行了检索。我们汇总了结果，并根据干预类型和研究设计对分析进行了分层。
纳入了 19 项群组研究。大多数研究没有描述随机分组方法，也没有考虑到群组的效果。两项基于计算机的干预措施的随机对照试验（RCT）的汇总结果表明，该干预措施在改善 FV 消费方面有效[标准化均数差（SMD）0.33（95%置信区间 0.16，0.50）]。对 7 项多成分干预措施的 RCT 的汇总分析或对两项评估免费/补贴 FV 干预措施的 RCT 的汇总结果均未发现差异。
荟萃分析表明，基于计算机的干预措施在增加 FV 消费方面是有效的。多成分干预措施和免费/补贴 FV 干预措施无效。未来的群组研究需要改进方法。尽管这些结果是初步的，但鉴于基于计算机的干预措施既有效又比其他替代方案便宜，因此可以考虑在学校中使用。
