Department of Public Health Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Eur J Public Health. 2012 Jun;22(3):429-33. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckr059. Epub 2011 May 20.
The aim of this study is first, to investigate the association between periods of unemployment and mental distress, adjusting for previous health status, and second, to study differences and similarities between groups defined by age, sex, family situation, socioeconomic position and work environment.
The analyses are based on a cohort of participants in Stockholm county council's Public Health Survey 2002 with a follow-up in 2007. Selected from the initial cohort are respondents 20-59 years who were employed at T1 and had no unemployment in 2001-02. Logistic regression is used and differences between groups are expressed as odds ratios. Interaction analyses are also performed.
Initial odds ratios of 1.84 in the group with 1 year of unemployment or more compared to the reference group with no unemployment is reduced to 1.52 after adjustment for prior mental and somatic health. Analyses show that the impact of unemployment in this sample is stronger for men, those working overtime, those with high social support or low control at their previous job, self-employed and those with low occupational class or low previous wage. Regarding family situation, unemployment is least associated with mental distress among individuals living in couples without children.
Results show an independent effect of unemployment on mental distress, but this effect varies between groups. Both proposed theories: role loss and differential susceptibility, receive some support. Since all interaction analyses are insignificant, results should be interpreted with caution.
本研究的目的首先是调查失业期与精神困扰之间的关联，调整先前的健康状况，其次是研究年龄、性别、家庭状况、社会经济地位和工作环境定义的不同组别之间的差异和相似之处。
分析基于斯德哥尔摩郡议会公共卫生调查 2002 年的队列参与者，2007 年进行随访。从初始队列中选择 T1 就业且 2001-02 年无失业的 20-59 岁受访者。使用逻辑回归，组间差异表示为优势比。还进行了交互分析。
与无失业参考组相比，失业 1 年或以上组的初始优势比为 1.84，调整先前的精神和躯体健康状况后降至 1.52。分析表明，在该样本中，失业对男性、加班人员、以前工作中社会支持较高或控制较低、自雇人员以及职业阶层较低或以前工资较低的人的影响更大。关于家庭状况，失业与无子女的夫妻生活的个体之间的精神困扰关联最小。
结果表明失业对精神困扰有独立影响，但这种影响在不同组别之间存在差异。提出的两种理论：角色丧失和易感性差异，都得到了一定的支持。由于所有交互分析均不显著，结果应谨慎解释。
