Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 4, PL 60-781 Poznań, Poland.
Pharmacol Rep. 2011;63(2):293-304. doi: 10.1016/s1734-1140(11)70498-4.
Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in genes and gene expression that do not involve DNA nucleotide sequences. Epigenetic modifications include DNA methylation, several forms of histone modifications, and microRNA expression. Because of its dynamic nature, epigenetics provides a link between the genome and the environment and fills the gap between DNA and proteins. Advances in epigenetics and epigenomics (the study of epigenetics on a genome-wide basis) have influenced pharmacology, leading to the development of a new specialty, pharmacoepigenetics, the study of the epigenetic basis for variations in drug response. Many genes encoding enzymes, drug transporters, nuclear receptors, and drug targets are under epigenetic control. This review describes the known epigenetic regulation of drug-metabolizing enzymes and other proteins that might affect drug response and compounds that modify the epigenetic status.
表观遗传学是研究基因和基因表达的可遗传变化，而不涉及 DNA 核苷酸序列。表观遗传修饰包括 DNA 甲基化、几种组蛋白修饰形式和 microRNA 表达。由于其动态性质，表观遗传学在基因组和环境之间提供了联系，并填补了 DNA 和蛋白质之间的空白。表观遗传学和表观基因组学（在全基因组基础上研究表观遗传学）的进展影响了药理学，导致了一个新的专业领域——药物表观遗传学的发展，即研究药物反应变化的表观遗传学基础。许多编码酶、药物转运蛋白、核受体和药物靶点的基因受到表观遗传控制。本文综述了已知的药物代谢酶和其他可能影响药物反应的蛋白质的表观遗传调控，以及修饰表观遗传状态的化合物。
