Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College, Ireland.
Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2011 Jul;24(4):291-300. doi: 10.1097/YCO.0b013e32834776bd.
Despite effectiveness of medication in treating children and young people who have attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), concerns about the effects of medication on children's developing brains, adverse side-effects, possibility of long-term use, and compliance issues have all contributed to the continuing search for alternative therapies. This article reviews the latest scientific evidence of the effectiveness and safety of these treatments in ADHD.
Although there is evidence from a large randomized controlled study that neurofeedback has positive effects on reducing children's symptoms of ADHD, most recent randomized controlled trials have generally yielded negative results. Some positive results exist from a pilot study of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. However, the sample size was far too small to enable any conclusions to be drawn about the evidence. Findings from the recent randomized controlled trials of supplements of essential fatty acids in children who have ADHD clearly demonstrated lack of superiority compared with placebo.
Notwithstanding efforts made to increase the scientific rigor of previous studies, more recent studies have generally been unsuccessful in demonstrating adequate treatment effects of complementary medicine on children who have ADHD. Currently, there is no proof that complementary medicine provides a better alternative for children who have ADHD than treatments that are currently available within multimodal therapy.
目的综述：尽管药物治疗对儿童和青少年注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）有效，但药物对儿童发育中大脑的影响、不良反应、长期使用的可能性以及依从性问题等诸多顾虑，促使人们不断寻找替代疗法。本文综述了这些治疗方法在 ADHD 中的有效性和安全性的最新科学证据。
最新发现：虽然一项大型随机对照研究的证据表明，神经反馈对减轻儿童 ADHD 症状有积极影响，但最近的大多数随机对照试验结果普遍为阴性。一项重复经颅磁刺激的初步研究得出了一些阳性结果。然而，由于样本量太小，无法对证据作出任何结论。在 ADHD 儿童补充必需脂肪酸的最近随机对照试验中，与安慰剂相比，补充剂并无明显优势。
总结：尽管为提高以往研究的科学严谨性做出了努力，但最近的研究通常未能证明补充医学对 ADHD 儿童的治疗效果足够有效。目前，尚无证据表明补充医学为 ADHD 儿童提供了比多模式治疗中现有治疗更好的替代方法。
